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ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED 



OR, HOW TO 



READ AND SPEAK 

CORRECTLY SND EFFECTIYELY. 



CONSISTING OF A THOROUGH AND PRACTICAL TREATISE ON GESTURE, VOCAL 
CULTURE, INTONATION AND CALISTHENICS. 



PREPARED FOR 

THE USE OF SCHOOLS, 

AND 

FOR PRIVATE INSTRUCTION. 



'2?~S 



6 JUL 30 <( 

JV C. FrKYGER, , , w /' ^ 



BY 



OF SAVOY LITERARY AND COMMERCIAL COLLEGE. 



CLAREMONT, N. H. 

CLAREMONT MANUFACTURING CO. 

1884. 






Entered. According to act of Congress, in the year 1883, 

by J. C. F. KYGER, 

in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



EEEICATIDN, 

By 

The Author, 

Td 

Thnss Whn 

AdmirE the Grand 

and. DiviiiB Art nf Eln- 

cutinnj Tn All WhD wnuld Im- 

prnvs the Gammer ce nf the Snnlj And 

tD All Who wnnld Endsavnr 

tD Givs tn Thnught Its 

Highest Mnds nf 

ExprEssinn 

This 

LittlE YdIueib 

Is 

Ssnt Fnrth nn Its Missinn nf BrnpnsEd UsEfnlnESS, 






:> 



INTRODUCTION. 



In the following pages, it is the aim of the author to bring be- 
fore the mind, in the most simple and concise manner, the 
much neglected Art of Elocution. 

The following are some of its special features. 

1. The definitions are plain and short, yet conveying the 
true meaning. 

2. The divisions of the subjects are arranged for blackboard 
exercises, as they are fixed more firmly on the mind, when 
brought before the eye. 

3. Under each subject, appropriate examples are furnished, 
w T hich impress more firmly the idea conveyed by the definition. 

4. In the most difficult parts of Intonation, the philosophy 
of voice is given. Thus the student may, at once, see the man- 
ner of producing tone, and he is not left merely to wander in 
the realms of his own imagination. 

5. A table of exercises in Vocal Gymnastics is given for the 
frequent practice of the student, as it is impossible to secure 
free use of the organs of speech, without good and easy respi- 
ration. 

6. The subject of Gesticulation is mostly presented in dia- 
gram, which is the most effective way of expressing a thought. 
Thus, the vivid images of the subject are delineated to the stu- 
dent and they become, as it were, creatures of his own mind. 



6 INTRODUCTION. 

After extending his most grateful thanks to all who have aid- 
ed him in any way, either in the arrangement or publication of this 
little book, the author will say that, if it shall add another tro- 
phy to the modern march of mind, or shall cause one holy as- 
piration of the noble and divine science and art of Elocution to 
flit across the mind of an} r one who shall read these pages, he 
will feel himself many times repaid for his unceasing toil in its 
preparation. 

J. C. F. KYGER. 

Denison, Tex., April _Z, 1884. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 

Elocution Defined. 13 

Definition and Philosophy of Voice. 13 

Breathing. 14 

ARTICULATION. 16 

I. Oral Elements. 16 

1. Tonics. 16 

2. Aspirates. 16 

3. Combined. 16 

4. Phonic Chart. 17 

II. Letters. 18 

1. Vowels. 18 

2. Consonants. 18 

III. Errors in Articulation. 19 

IV. Words. 20 
V. Syllabication. 21 

VI. Accent. 21 

VII. Exercises in Articulation. 22 

INTONATION. 28 

I. Quality. 2g 

Pure. 28 

1. Simple Pure. 29 

2. Orotund. 29 
Impure. 30 

1. Aspirate. 30 

a. Pure. 31 

b. Vocal. 31 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

2. Pectoral. 32 

3. Guttural. 32 

4. Falsetto. 33 
II. Melody. 33 

1. Pitch. 33 

a. Natural. 34 

b. Low. 34 

c. High. 35 

2. Inflection. 35 

a. Rising-. 36 

b. Falling. 36 
e. Combined, 37 

3. Cadence. 37 
in. Form. 38 

1. Natural. 38 

2. Effusive. 38 

3. Expulsive, 39 

4. Explosive, 40 

IV. Force. 40 

1. Subdued. 41 

2. Natural. 41 

3. Heavy. 42 

V. Time. 43 

1. Quantity. 43 

a. Short. . 43 

* b. Natural, 44 

c. Long. 44 

2. Rate. 45 

a. Slow. 45 

b. Natural, 46 

c. Fast. 46 

3. Pause. 47 

a. Short. 47 

b. Natural. 48 

c. Long. 48 

VI. Stress. 49 

1. Initial. 49 

2. Final. 50 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 9 

PAGE. 

3. Median. 50 

4. Compound. 51 

5. Thorough. 51 

6. Intermittent. 52 

Slur. 53 

Emphasis. 54 

Rules for Interrogation. 55 

Rules for Address. 55 

Rule for Bowing. 57 

Rule for Position in Reading. 57 

Rules in general for Gesture. 60 

GESTICULATION. 55 

I. Position. 55 

1. Speaking. 56 

2., Acting. 56 

3. Sitting. 56 

4. Standing. 56 

II. Movement. 57 

1. Face. 57 

2. Eyes. 57 

3. Head. 58 

4. Body. 58 

5. Legs and Feet. 58 

6. Arms. 59 

a. Front. 59 

b. Oblique. 59 

c. Lateral. 59 

d. Backward. 59 

e. Horizontal. 59 

f. Ascending. 59 

g. Descending, 59 



IO TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

7. Hands. 59 

a. Supine. 59 

b. Prone. 59 

c. Vertical. 59 

d. Pointing. 59 

e. Clenched. 59 
Directness. 67 
Expression. 68 
Antithesis. 69 
Exclamation. 69 
Emphatic Repetition. 70 
Irony. 70 
Apostrophe. 71 
Interrogation. 72 
Soliloquy. 73 
Picturing. 74 
Transition. 77 
Grouping. 82 
The Trilled u R." 83 
Climax. 83 
Repose. 83 
Imitative Modulation. 84 
Impersonation. 86 
Exercises for Practice on the Passions. 88 
Calisthenics. 96 



64 Thoughts must breathe before words can burn." 



" The heart must glow e'er the tongue can gild." 



" There's a charm in delivery, a magical art, 

That thrills, like a kiss, from the lip to the heart ; 

Tis the glance, — the expression, — the well chosen word,— 

By whose magic the depths of the spirit are stirred, — 

The smile, — the mute gesture, — the soul stirring pause, — 

The eye's sweet expression, that melts, while it awes, — 

The lip's soft persuasion — its musical tone : 

Oh ! such were the charms of that eloquent one ! " 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



Let it not be said that 



ELOCUTION 



Is only the tinsel of Eloquence. Demosthenes justty deemed 
a correct delivery the very acme of the art, and devoted to its 
acquirement years of toil and thousands of gold. Cicero ap- 
plied himself to the cultivation of the vocal powers, under the 
most eminent instructors with unwearied assiduity. Chatham 
practiced before a mirror daily to the end of his life, to 
acquire a free, graceful, and energetic action. Brougham 
locked himself up for three weeks to the study of a single 
oration, and wrote his peroration fifteen times. Robert Hall, 
the prince of pulpit orators, was no less remarkable in his ear- 
ly life, for his laborious culture of Elocution, than for his 
profound philosophical investigations. Similar remarks might 
be made of Chrysostom, Massillon, Whitefield, and all who 
have distinguished themselves in the "art divine." Would we 
realize their success, we must imitate their example. u He who 
enters the arena of eloquence without cultivating his elocution, 
has seized a sword for the contest, upon which he has put no 
edge." 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. I 3 

ELOCUTION 

Is the Science and Art of Expression. 

-^ f Voice. 

Elocution < n 

Gesture. 



Important Definitions. 

The Soft Palate is the partition between the nasal and vocal 
currents. 

The Uvula is the pendant portion of the Soft Palate. 

The Glottis is the upper portion of the Windpipe. 

The Pharynx is the open cavity between the Glottis and Soft 
Palate. 

The Larynx is the Windpipe in the throat. 



VOICE 

Is the principal material of which speech is made. 

. By emitting breath from the Lungs over the 
Vocal Membranes, or Vocal Cords. 



14 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

BREATHING 

Is inhaling and exhaling air. 

1. Deep. 

2. Abdominal. 

3. Costal. 

4. Dorsal. 

5. Waist. 
Breathings n ^ 

6. Expulsive. 

7. Abrupt. 

8. Effulsive. 

9. Prolonged. 

10. Unequal. 

I. Deep Breathing. 

Position. — Arms Akimbo. 

First. Inhale a deep breath slowly. 

Inhale through the nostrils. 

Avoid raising shoulders. 
Second. Give out breath through the nostrils. 

Hold chest expanded with easy firmness. 

II. Abdominal Breathing. 

Position. — Arms Akimbo. 

First. Inhale through the nostrils. 

Abdominal Walls thrown outward and convex. 
Second. Expel breath through nostrils. 

Abdominal Walls drawn in and flattened. 

III. Costal Breathing. 

Position. — Palms of hands against lower ribs. 
First. Inhale through the nostrils. 
Expand the waist sidewise. 
Second. In expelling, contract waist sidewise. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



15 



' IV. Dorsal Breathing.. 
Position. — Hands at waist, thumbs forward and fingers pressing 
against the small of the back each side of the spine. 

First. Throw out muscles, where fingers rest, while 

inhaling air. 
Second. To expel air, draw muscles inward. 

V. Waist Breathing. 

Position. — Hands at the waist, fingers thrown forward. 

First. In inhaling, expand the waist in all directions, as 

if bursting a belt. 
Second. Contract waist and expel breath. 

VI. Expulsive Breathing. 

First. Inhale through the nostrils. 

Second. Expel through the mouth, as if whispering the 
syllable hoo ! to a person at a distance. Give 
out breath in a firm full column. 

VII. Abrupt Breathing. 

Catch breath quickly, through nostrils. 
Emit air with sudden whisper — "hoo !" 

VIII. Effusive Breathing. 
Inhale a full breath. 
Expel through open mouth. 
Prolong the sound of the letter "h". 
Make a gentle breathing murmur. 

IX. Prolonged Breathing. 
First. Draw in air easily, through contracted lips. 
Second. Breathe out the air, through nearly closed lips, 

slowly and gradually. 



First. 
Second. 



First. 
Second. 



l6 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

X. Unequal Breathing. 

Position. — Place the palm of the left hand, against the side, 
close under the armpit. 

Bend the right arm directly over head. 
Practice deep breathing in this position. 
Reverse this position of arm, and repeat. 

Note. The foregoing exercises should he practiced often, as it is impossible to 
secure ease and clearness of speech, without proper breathing. 



ARTICULATION, 

Good or bad, is the utterance of the Oral Elements. 

Oral Elements are the sounds that form syllables. 

Oral Elements are Produced by the voice and breath coming 
in contact with the Organs of Speech. 

The Principal Organs or Speech are the lips, teeth, tongue, 
and palate. 

! Tonic Sounds. 
Aspirate Sounds. 
Combined Sounds. 

Tonic Sounds are those produced by the voice. 

Aspirate Sounds are those produced by the breath. 

Combined Sounds are those produced by both voice and breath. 



1. 

2. 

3. 
4. 
5. 

6. 

7. 



10. 



1. 
2. 

3. 
4. 
5. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

Phonic Chart. 



17 



Tonic Sounds. 



a as in lake, mate. 
a as in mat, rat. 
a as in bar, far. 
a as in ball, fall, 
a as in fare, care, 
a as in ask, task, 
e as in eve, he, 
e as in end, let. 
e as in earn, her. 
I as in ice, lie. 



11. i as in it, sit. 

12. 6 as in so, old. 

13. 6 as in not, box. 

14. u as in use, muse. 

15. u as in up, nut. 

16. u as in fur, cur. 

17. oo as in too, ooze. 

18. do as in book, look. 

19. oi as in oil, moist. 

20. ou as in out, scout. 



Aspirate Sounds. 



k as in kid, kite. 
f as in far, first, 
p as in pint, pay. 
h as in her, hit. 
s as in sat, sin. 



6. 


t 


as in ten, tent. 


7. 


ch 


as in chat, chin. 


8. 


sh 


as in she, shay. 


9. 


wh 


as in when, whit 


10. 


th 


as in thin, thick. 



Combined Sounds. 



1. r as in rare, rain. 

2. n as in nay, nine. 

3. 1 as in lay, line. 

4. m as in may, mine. 

5. g as in gag, gang. 

6. j as jay, joint. 

7. ng as in long, song. 



8. th as in the} 7 , this. 

9. z as in azure, azule. 

10. b as in bay, bo} T . 

11. d as in day, dine. 

12. v as in vane, vase. 

13. w as in way, wine. 

14. y as in }^ea, yet. 



15. z as in zone, zion. 



i8 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



a like 6 as in what. 

6 like k as in wh£re. 

e like a as in they. 

e like u as in her. 

o like 6b as in to. 

i like u as in girl. 



c like s as in race. 
Q like k as in cat. 
g like j as in Cage. 



EQUIVALENTS. 

Vowels. 

6 like u as in come. 

6 like a as in for. 

u like oo as in put. 

y like T as in by. 

y like i as in kitty. 

ew like u as in new. 

Consonants. 

n like ng as in think. 
s like z as in has. 
x like ks as in box. 



LETTERS 

Are characters used to represent or modify sounds. 
Vowels. 



Letters 



Consonants. 



Vowels are letters ivhich stand for the open sounds of the 
human voice. They give audibility. 

A Diphthong is the union of two vowels in one syllable; as, 
ow, in hoi*se. 

A Digraph is the union of two vowels in one syllable, one of 
which is silent; as, oa, in toast. 

A Triphthong is the union of three vowels in one syllable; 
as, ieu, in adi'ew. 

Consonants are the letters which stand for the sounds made 
by the obstructed voice and the obstructed breath. They produce 
discrimination. 

Dentals are the letters whose sounds are chiefly formed by the 
teeth. They are s, z, j, ch and sh. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



19 



Linguals are the letters ivhose sounds are chiefly formed by 
the tongue. They are d, I, r, and t. 

Palatals are the letters ivhose sounds are chiefly formed by 
the palate. They are g and 7c. 

Labials are the letters whose sounds are chiefly formed by the 
lips. They are p, b, w and wh. 

F, and v are labia-dentals ; m is a nasal-labial ; th is a lingua- 
palatal ; n is a nasal Lingual ; ng is a nasal-palatal. 

Cognates a?*e £7ie letters whose sounds are produced by the 
same organs of speech; thus ft is a cognate of g, and/ of v. 

Equivalents are letters, or combinations of letters, that rep- 
resent the same element or sound. I is an equivalent of e in 
machine. 

Errors in Articulation. 
1. Omission of one or more elements. 



wil's 


for 


wilds. 


fiePs 


for 


fields. 


fac's 


for 


facts. 


an' 


for 


and. 


frien's 


for 


friends. 


•sofly 


for 


soft 1}\ 


blin'ness 


for 


blind ness. 


\. Utteri 


ng one or more eleme 


ev en 


for 


ev'n. 


rav el 


for 


rav'l. . 


tak en 


for 


tak 'n. 


sick en 


for 


sick 'n. 


driv el 


for 


driv'l. 


grov el 


for 


grov '1. 



stam 
warn 



for storm, 
for warm. 



hist'ry for histo ry. 

nov'l for nov el. 

trav'l for trav el. 

chick'n for chick en. 

boist'rous for boisterous. 



sev en 


for 


sev'n. 


heav en 


for 


heav'n. 


soft en 


for 


sof'n. 


shak en 


for 


shak'n. 


shov el 


for 


shov '1. 


shriv el 


for 


shriv '1. 



20 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 





3. , 


Substituting one 


element for another. 


ask 


for 


ask. 


re part 


for re pdrt. 


set 


for 


sit. 


trof fy 


for tro ph} r . 


past 


for 


past. 


pa rent 


for par ent. 


srill 


for 


shrill. 


bun net 


for bon net. 


wirl 


for 


whirl. 


mel ler 


for mel low. 


care 


for 


care. 


wis per 


for wins per. 


shet 


for 


shut. 


sing in 


for sing ing. 


sence 


for 


since. 


chil drui] 


l for chil dren. 


dance 


for 


dance. 


mo munt for mo ment. 


grass 


for 


grass. 


harm liss for harm less. 


carse 


for 


course. 


kind niss 


for kind ness. 


sul ler 


for 


eel lar. 


agan 


for a gain, (a gen) . 


pil ler 


for 


pil low. 


a ganst 


for a gainst (a genst) 


for git 


for 


for get. 


herth 


for hearth (harth). 



WORDS. 

A ivord, spoken or ivritten, is one or more sounds or letters 
used as the sign of an idea. 

{ Primitive. 
-rr r j Derivative. 

WoRDS i Simple. 

(^Compound. 

A Primitive Word is one which is not derived, but constitutes 
a root for the formation of other ivords; as, man, faith. 

A Derivative Word is composed of a primitive and an af- 
fix or suffix; as, manly, faithful. 

A Simple Word is one that cannot be divided without in- 
juring the sense; as, boy, book. 

A Compound Word is a word made up of two or more words ; 
as, ink-stand, book-binder. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 21 

SYLLABICATION. 

A Syllable is a word, or part of a word, uttered by a single 
act of the voice. 



Syllables 



f Monosyllables. 
Dissyllables. 
Trissyllables. 
Polysyllables. 



A Monosyllable is a word of one syllable; as, man. 

A Dissyllable is a word of two syllables; as, mcm-ly. 

A Trissyllable is a word of three syllables ; as, am-i-ty. 

A Polysllable is a word of three or more syllables ; as, com- 
mend-3L-h\e. 

The Ultimate is the last syllable ofaivord; as, ly, in man-?y. 

The Penult is the last syllable but one of a word; as, nes, in 
am-nes-ty. 

The Antepenult is the last syllable but two of a word; as, £a, 
in spon-£a-ne-ous. 

The Preantepenult is the last syllable but three of a word; 
as, cab, in vo-cafr-u-la-ry. 



ACCENT 

Is the special force given to one or more syllables of a word. 

Accent 



f Primary. 



\ Secondary. 
When two syllables are accented in a word, 
The Primary Accent represents the more forcible . 
The Secondary Accent represents the less forcible . 



22 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



The Mark of Aoute Accent (') is used, 

1 . To indicate primary accent ; 

2. To indicate rising inflection. 

The Mark of Grave Accent 0) is used, 

1. To indicate Secondary accent ; 

2. To indicate the falling inflection. 

Exercises in Accent. 

1. Veracity first of all, and forever. 

2. Hunting men, not beasts, shall be his game. 

3. That blessed and beloved child loves every winged thing. 

4. Note the mark of ac'cent, and accent' the right syllable. 

5. Did he abstract 1 an abstract of your speech from the desk? 

6. Earnest prayer is an in' cense that can never incense' Deity. 

7. While you converse' with each other, I hold con' verse with nature. 

8. L T nless the con' vert be zealous, he will never convict' the con'vict 
of his errors, and convert' him. 

9. If the pro' test of the minority be not expected, they will protest' 
against your notes. 

10. If the farmer produce' prod'uce enough for his family, he will 
not transfer' his title to that estate, though the trans' fer is legal. 

Exercises in Articulation. 



oo 



Oh 




Explanation. Utter all the 

A 

sounds indicated by the let- 
ters on the corners of the 
Hexagon until great ease and 

Ah good articulation is acquired. 



Awe 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 23 

EXAMPLES. 

In the following exercises an erect position of body should be main- 
tained, the head should be held up, the shoulders thrown back, and 
the chest should be kept full. 

The silent letters are omitted in some of the examples, and the 
words are marked and spelled as they should be pronounced. 

Students should read the sentences separately and in concert, ut- 
tering* all the sounds with force and distinctness. The student should 
also, be required to analyze every word. 

1. Thu bold, bad baiz brok bolts and barz. 

2. Hi on a hil Hii herd harsez harni hofs. 

3. Charj the old man to chpz a chais chez. 

4. A thousand shreks far hoples mersi kal. 

5. jNow set thu teth and stretch thu nostrils wide. 

6. He wocht and wept, he felt and prad far all. 

7. A big blak bug bit a big blak bar. 

8. At grat gra ges grazing galy into Gres. 



The whales whirled and whirled, and bared their broad brown 
backs. 

10. 

The strife ceaseth, peace approacheth, and the good man rejoiceth. 

11. 
Amos Ames, the amiable aeronaut, aided in an aerial voyage at the 
age of eighty-eight. 

12. 
Sheba Sherman Shelly sharpened his shears and sheared his seven- 
teen hundred and seventeen sheep. 



24 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

13. 
Benjamin Bramble Blimber, a blundering baker, borrowed the 
banker's birchen broom to brush the blinding cobwebs from his brain. 

14. 
What whim led White Whitney to whittle, whistle, whisper, and 
whimper near the wharf, where a floundering whale might wheel and 
whirl? 

15. 
Thirty-three thousand and thirty-three thoughtless youths thronged 
the thoroughfare, and thought that they could thwart three thousand 
thieves by throwing thimbles at them. 

16. 
Amidst the mists and coldest frosts, 
With stoutest wrists, and loudest boasts, 
He thrusts his fists against the posts 
And still insists he sees the ghosts. 

17. 

A storm ariseth on the sea. A model vessel is struggling amidst 
the war of elements, quivering and shivering, shrinking and battling 
like a thinking being. The merciless, racking whirlwinds, like fright- 
ful fiends, howl and moan, and send sharp, shrill shrieks through the 
creaking cordage, snapping the sheets and masts. The sturdy sailors 
stand to their tasks, and weather the severest storm of the sea. 

18. 

Theophilus Thistle, the successful thistle sifter, in sifting a sieve 
full of unsifted thistles, thrust three thousand thistles through the 
thick of his thumb ; see that thou, in sifting a sieve full of unsifted 
thistles, thrust not three thousand thistles through the thick of thy 
thumb. Success to the successful thistle sifter ! 



elocution simplified. 2$ 

19. The Boot Blacks. 

A day or two ago, during a lull in business, two little bootblacks, 
one white and one black, were standing at the corners doing nothing, 
when the white bootblack agreed to black the black bootblack's boots. 
The black bootblack was, of course, willing to have his boots blacked 
by his fellow bootblack, and the bootblack who had agreed to black 
the black bootblack's boots went to work. 

When the bootblack had blacked one of the black bootblack's boots 
till it shone in a manner that would make any bootblack proud, this 
bootblack who had agreed to black the black bootblack's boots refus- 
ed to black the other boot of the black bootblack until the black boot- 
black, who had consented to have the white bootblack black his boots 
should add five cents to the amount the white bootblack had made 
blacking other men's boots. This the bootblack whose boot had been 
blacked refused to do, saying it was good enough for a black boot- 
black to have one boot blacked, and he didn't care whether the boot 
that the white bootblack hadn't blacked was blacked or not. 

This made the bootblack who had blacked the black bootblack's 
boot as angry as a bootblack often gets, and he vented his black wrath 
by spitting upon the blacked boot of the black bootblack. This raised 
the latent passions of the black bootblack, and he proceeded to boot 
the white bootblack with the boot which the white bootblack had 
blacked. A fight ensued, in which the white bootblack who had re- 
fused to black the unblacked boot of the black bootblack blacked the 
black bootblack's visionary organ, and in which the black bootblack 
wore all the blacking off his blacked boot in booting the white boot- 
black. 

20. Samuel Short's Success. 

Shrewd Simon Short sewed shoes. Seventeen summers' speeding 
storms, succeeding sunshine, successively saw Simon's small shabby 
shop standing staunch, saw Simon's selfsame sign still swinging, si- 
lently specifying: "Simon Short, Smitfield's Sole Surviving 
Shoemaker. Shoes Sewed, Soled Superfinely." 

Simon's spry, sedulous spouse, Sally Short, sewed shirts, stitched 
sheets, stuffed sofas. Simon's six stout sturdy sons, — Seth, Samuel, 



26 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

Stephen, Saul, Shadrach, Silas, sold sundries. Sober Seth sold sugar, 
starch, spices ; Simple Sam sold saddles, stirrups, screws ; Sagacious 
Stephen sold silks, satins, shawls ; Skeptical Saul sold silver salvers, 
silver spoons; Selfish Shadrach sold shoestrings, soaps, saws, skates; 
Slack Silas sold Sally Short's stuffed sofas. 

Some seven summers since, Simon's second son, Samuel, saw Sophia 
Sophronia Spriggs somewhere. Sweet, sensible, smart, Sophia So- 
phronia Spriggs. Sam soon showed strange symptoms. Sam seldom 
stayed storing, selling saddles. Sam sighed sorrowfully, sought 
Sophia Sophronia's society, sang several serenades slily. Simon 
stormed, scolded severely, said Sam seemed so silly, singing such 
shameful, senseless songs. 

u Strange Sam should slight such splendid summer sales," said Si- 
mon. "Strutting spend-thrif t ! Scatter-brained simpleton!" 

"Softly, softly, sire," said Sally, "Sam's smitten — Sam's spied 
sweetheart." 

"Sentimental schoolboy!" snarled Simon; "Smitten! Stop such 
stuff!" 

Simon sent Sally's snuff-box spinning, seized Sally's scissors, 
smashed Sally's spectacles, scattering several spools. 

"Snarling scoundrel! Sam's shocking silence shall surcease!" 
Scowling Simon stopped speaking, starting swiftly shopward. Sally 
sighed sadly. Summoning Sam she spoke sweet sympathy. 

"Sam," said she, "sire seems singularly snappish; so sonny, stop 
strolling sidewalks, stop smoking segars, spending specia superflu- 
ously ; stop sprucing so ; stop singing serenades — stop short ; sell sad- 
dles, sonny ; sell saddles sensibly ; see Sophia Sophronia Spriggs soon ; 
she's sprightly, she's staple, so solicit, sure ; so secure Sophia speedily, 
Sam." 

"So soon; so soon?" said Sam, standing stock still. "So soon! 
surely," said Sally, smiling, specially since sire shows such spirit." 

So Sam somewhat scared, sauntered slowly, shaking stupendously. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 2J 

Sam soliloquizes : " Sophia Sophronia Spriggs Short — Sophia Sophro- 
nia Sprigs Short — Sophia Sophronia Short, Samuel Short's spouse — 
sounds splendid! Suppose she should say, she shan't?" 

Soon Sam spied Sophia starching shirts, singing softly. Seeing 
Sam she stopped starching ; saluted Sam smilingly ; Sam stammered 
shockingly. 

"Sp-sp-splendid summer season, Sophia." 

"Somewhat sultry," suggested Sophia. 

"Sar-sartin, Sophia," said Sam. {Silence seventeen seconds.) 

"Selling saddles still, Sam?" 

u Sar-sar-sartin," said Sam, starting suddenly. 

"Season's somewhat soporific," said Sam steadily staunching stream- 
ing sweat, shaking sensibly. 

"Sartin," said Sophia, smiling significantly. 

"Sip some sweet sherbet, Sam." {Silence sixty seconds.) 

"Sire shot sixty sheldrakes, Saturday," said Sophia. 

"Sixty? sho!" said Sam. {Silence seventy-seven seconds.) 

"See sister Susan's sunflowers," said Sophia, sociably scattering 
such stiff silence. 

Sophia's sprightly sauciness stimulated Sam strangely; so Sam 
suddenly spoke sentimentally: "Sophia, Susan's sunflowers seem 
saying, Samuel Short, Sophia Sophronia Spriggs, stroll serenely, 
seek some sequestered spot, some sylvan shade. Sparkling spring 
shall sing soul-stirring strains ; sweet songsters shall silence secret 
sighing ; super-angelic sylphs shall" — 

Sophia snickered : so Sam stopped. 

"Sophia," said Sam, solemnly. 

"Sam," said Sophia. 

"Sophia, stop smiling. Sam Short's sincere. Sam's seeking some 
sweet spouse, Sophia." 

"Speak, Sophia, speak! Such suspense speculates sorrow." 

"Seek sire, Sam; seek sire." 

So Sam sought sire Spriggs. Sire Spriggs said, "Sartin." 



28 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

INTONATION 



Is the act of varying the voice so as to best convey 
the thought. 



Intonation -{ 



"1. Quality. 

2. Melody. 

3. Form. 

4. Force. 

5. Time. 

6. Stress. 



QUALITY 

Is the kind of voice. 

^ f 1. Pure. 

Quality < -> T 

^ (2. Impure. 

THE PURE QUALITY 

Is that used in all pure and chaste expressions. 



^ ~ f 1. Simple 

Pure Quality j 2 0amm 



1. Simple Pure, 
nd. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 29 

THE SIMPLE PURE 
Is that used in common address. 

{ 1. Raise the Larnyx. 

_ , _ J 2. Lower the Soft Palate. 
How Produced. < _ ™ . ■ ■, 

3. Place tongue in natural position. 

1 4. Direct breath to front of the mouth. 

Examples. 

1. This tragical tale, which, they say, is a true one, 
Is old ; but the manner is wholly a new one. 
One Ovid, a writer of some reputation, 
Has told it before in a tedious narration ; 
In a style, to be sure, of remarkable fulness, 
But which nobody reads on account of its dulness. 

2. "Gentlemen and ladies," said the showman, "here you have a 
magnificent painting of Daniel in the lion's den. Daniel can be ea- 
sily distinguished from the lions by the green cotton umbrella under 
his arm." 

3. And he said, A certain man had two sons ; and the younger of 
them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that 
falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living. 



THE OROTUND 



Is an open, round tone employed in the expression of grand, lofty, 
and sublime thoughts. 

r 1. Depress the Larnyx. 

I 2. Raise the Soft Palate. 
IIoiv Produced. 1 n _ , , , 

3. Drop back the tongue. 

i 4. Direct breath vertically. 



30 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

Examples. 

1. By Nebo's lonely mountain, 
On this side Jordan's wave, 
In a vale in the land of Moab, 
There lies a lonely grave ; 
But no man dug that Sepulchre, 
And no man saw it e ? er, 
For the angel of God upturned the sod 
And laid the dead man there. 

2. Bless the Lord, O my soul! O Lord, my God, thou art very 
great ; thou art clothed with honor and majesty ; who coverest thyself 
with light as with a garment ; who stretchest out the heavens like a 
curtain ; who layeth the beams of his chambers in the waters ; who 
maketh the clouds his chariot ; who walketh upon the wings of the 
wind; who maketh his angels spirits, his ministers a flaming fire; 
who laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be removed 
forever. 



THE IMPURE QUALITY 

Is that employed in evil emotions. 

( 1. Aspirate. 

T n j 2. Pectoral. 

Impure Quality < Q ^ 

^ j 3. GrUTTURAL. 

1^4. Falsetto. 



THE ASPIRATE 

Is the whisper, which may or may not possess vocality. 

A f 1. Pure. 

Aspirate < a Tr 

( 2. vocal. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 3 I 

THE PURE ASPIRATE 

Is the Aspirate having no vocality. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. While thronged the citizens with terror dumb, 
Or whispered with white lips, "The foe ! 
They come ! they come j" 

2. Soldiers ! you are now within a few steps of the enemies' out- 
posts. Our scouts report them as slumbering in parties around their 
watchfires and utterly unprepared for our approach. A swift and 
noiseless advance around that projecting rock and we are upon them. 
We'll capture them without the possibility of resistance. Forward ! 



THE VOCAL ASPIRATE 

Is the Aspirate partly vocalized. 



EXAMPLES. 

All heaven and earth are still, though not in sleep, 
But breathless, as we grow when feeling most, 

And silent, as we stand in thoughts too deep ; 
All heaven and earth are still ; from the high host 
Of stars to the lulled lake and mountain coast, 
All is concentrated in a life intense. 



2. I see the smoke of the furnaces where manacles and fetters are 
still forged for human limbs. I see the visages of those who by 
stealth and at midnight labor in this work of hell, foul and dark, as 
may become the artificers of such instruments of misery and torture. 



32 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

THE PECTORAL 

Is the round, deep, throat tone indicative of grief, anger and 

solemnity, 

EXAMPLES. 

1. They're gone, they're gone ! the glimmering spark hath fled! 
The wife and child are numbered with the dead. 

On the cold hearth outstretched in solemn rest, 
The babe lay frozen on its mother's breast : 
The gambler came at last — but all was o'er — 
Dread silence reigned around : — the clock struck four ! 

2. Of old Thou hast laid the foundation of the earth ; and the 
heavens are the work of thy hands. They shall perish, but thou 
shalt endure ; yea, all of them shalt wax old like a garment ; as a 
vesture shalt thou change them, and they shall be changed; but thou 
art the same ; and thy years shall have no end. 



THE GUTTURAL 



Is the rough, throat tone indicative of contempt, malice and 

settled hate. 



EXAMPLES. 

1. I loathe ye in my bosom, 

I scorn ye with mine eye, 
And I'll taunt ye with my latest breath, 

And light ye till I die ! 
I ne'er will ask ye quarter, 

And I ne'er will be your slave ; 
But I'll swim the sea of slaughter 

Till I sink beneath its wave ! 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 33 

2. And it came to pass at noon, that Elijah mocked them, and said, 
Cry aloud ; for he is a God : either he is talking, or he is pursuing, 
or he is in a journey, or peraclventure he sleepeth, and must he 
awaked. 



THE FALSETTO 

Is a piercing elevated tone expressive of pain, fear or distress. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Back, ruffians, back! nor dare to tread 
Too near the body of my dead ; 
Nor touch the living boy ; I stand 
Between him and your lawless band. 
Take me, and bind these arms— these hands, — 
With Russia's heaviest iron bands, 
And drag me to Siberia's wild 
To perish if 'twill save my child ! 

2. Yes, it is worth talking of ! But that's how you always try to 
put me down. You fly into a rage, and then, if I only try to speak, 
you wont hear me. That's how you men will always have all the talk 
to vourselves. 



MELODY, 

In Elocution, is the succession of vocal sounds. 



■V, 



Pitch. 
Melody^ 2. Inflection. 
(^3. Cadence. 



PITCH 

Is the descent or ascent of tone. 



34 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



V, 



Natural. 
Pitch 1 2. Low. 
(3. High. 



NATURAL PITCH 

Is the ordinary descent or ascent of tone. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. There's a burden of grief on the breezes of spring, 
And a song of regret from the bird on its wing ; 
There's a pall on the sunshine and over the flowers, 
And a shadoAV of graves on these spirits of ours ; 
For a star hath gone down from the night of our sky, 

On whose brightness we gazed as the war cloud rolled by ; 
So tranquil and steady and clear were its beams, 
That they fell like a vision of peace on our dreams. 

2. The maxim that no people ought to be free till they are fit to 
use their freedom, is worthy of the fool in the old story, who resolved 
not to go into the water till he had learned to swim. If men are to 
wait for liberty till they become wise and good in slavery, they may 
indeed wait forever. 



LOW PITCH 

Is a descent of tone helow the Natural. 
It is employed in reverence, sublimity and grandeur. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. So live that when thy summons comes to join 
The innumerable caravan that moves 
To that mysterious realm, where each shall take 
His chamber in the silent halls of death, 
Thou go not like the quarry-slave at night 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 35 

Scourged to his dungeon, but sustained and soothed 
By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave 
Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch 
About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. 

2. But, whatever may be our fate, be assured, be assured that this 
declaration will stand. It may cost treasures, and it may cost blood , 
but it will stand, and it will richly compensate for both. 



HIGH PITCH 

Is an ascent of tone above the Natural. 
It is employed in joyous or impassioned speech. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Cry Holiday ! Holiday ! let us be gay, 

And share in the rapture of heaven and earth ; 

For see what a sunshiny joy they display, 
To welcome the Spring on the day of her birth ; 

While the elements, gladly outpouring their voice, 
Nature's paean proclaim, and in chorus rejoice ! 

2. It is in vain to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, 
peace, peace ! but there is no peace. The war has actually begun. 
The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the 
clash of resounding arms ! Our brethren are already in the field ! 
Why stand we here idle ? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be 
purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it Almighty 
God ! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give 
me liberty or give me death ! ! 



INFLECTION 

Is the bend of the voice. 

( 1. ElSING. 

Inflection -j 2. Falling. 
^3. Combined. 



36 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

THE RISING INFLECTION 

Is the upward movement of the voice. 
It is used in uncertaint}\ 

EXAMPLES. 

1. ; Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house 
Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse, 
Mamma in her kerchief, and I in my cap, 
Had just settled our brain for a long winter's nap, 
When out on the lawn there rose such a clatter — 
I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter. 

2. Who covered the earth with such a pleasing variety of fruits 
and flowers ? Who gave them their delightful fragrance, and painted 
them with such exquisite colors? Who caused the same water to 
whiten in the lily and blush in the rose ! Do not these things prove 
the existence of a power infinitely superior to that of any finite being ? 



THE FALLING INFLECTION 

Is the doivnivard movement of the voice. 
It is used in certainty. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. To them his heart, his love, his griefs were given, 
But all his serious thoughts had rest in heaven. 
As some tall cliff that lifts its awful form, 
Swells from the vale, and midway leaves the storm ; 
Though 'round its breast the willing clouds are spread, 
Eternal sunshine settles on its head. 

2. If ye are beasts, then stand here like fat oxen, waiting for the 
butcher's knife! If ye are men, — follow me! Strike down your 
guard, gain the mountain passes, and there do bloody work, as did 
your sires at old Thermopylae. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 37 

THE COMBINED INFLECTION 

Is the upivard and downward movement of the voice combined. 
It is employed to denote surprise, sarcasm and irony. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Now in building of chaises, I tell you what, 
There is always somewhere a weakest spot, 
A chaise breaks down, but does'nt wear out. 

2. O Rome ! Rome ! thou hast been a tender nurse to me. Ay ! 
thou hast given to that poor, gentle, timid shepherd-lad who never 
knew a hoarser tone than a flute note, muscles of iron and a heart of 
flint, taught him to drive the sword through plaited mail and links of 
rugged brass, and warm it in the marrow of his foe : — to gaze into 
the glaring eyeballs of the fierce Numidian lion even as a boy upon 
a laughing girl. 



CADENCE 

Is the tone used in closing a sentence. 

It is impossible to give rules which would be a safe guide in 
regulating the tone and movement of the voice so as to have a 
correct cadence. 

EXERCISES. 

1. Practice counting, one, two, three, four, five etc. 

f 1. Read it naturally. 
2. Howtopracticesentence Mow. \ | \{ \\ ™* ^S^^^. 

[4. " " " Combined Inflection. 

When the winds and the waves lie together asleep, 
The moon and the fairies are watching the deep, 



38 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

FORM 

Is the manner of emitting tone (voice) . 



Form 



1. Natural. 

2. Effusive. 

3. Expulsive. 

4. Explosive. 



NATURAL FORM 

Is that used in ordinary address. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Have you ever heard of the wonderful one-ftoss-shay, 
That was built in such a logical way 
It ran a hundred years to a day, 
And then, of a sudden, it— ah, but stay, 
IT1 tell you what happened without delay : 

2. Well, sir, he had the biggest, catty-cornedest pianner you ever 
laid your eyes on ; somethin like a distracted billiard table on three 
legs. The lid was histed, and mighty well it was. If it hadn't been 
he'd a tore the inside clean out, and scattered em to the four winds of 
heaven. 



EFFUSIVE FORM 

Is a gentle tone usually employing the swell. 
It expresses beauty, pathos and mildness. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. We shall all go home to our Father's house — 
To our Father's house in the skies 
Where the hope of our souls shall have no blight, 
And our love no broken ties ; 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 39 

We shall roam on the banks of the river of peace, 

And bathe in its blissful tide ; 
And one of the joys of that heaven will be 

The little boy that died. 

2. Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them 
that fear him. For he knoweth our frame ; he remembereth that we 
are dust. As for man, his days are as grass ; as a flower of the field 
so he flourisheth ; For the wind passeth over it, and it is gone ; and 
the place thereof shall know it no more. 



EXPULSIVE FORM 



Is a heavy tone used in great emotion and determination . 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Why not reform? That's easily said; 

But I've gone through such wretched treatment, 
Sometimes forgetting the taste of bread, 

And scarce remembering what meat meant, 
That my poor stomach's past reform ; 

And there are times, wiien mad with thinking, 
I'd sell out heaven for something warm 

To prop a horrible inward sinking. 

2. Sir, the declaration will inspire the people with increased cour- 
age. Instead of a long and bloody war for restoration of privileges, 
for redress of grievances, for chartered immunities, held under a 
British king, set before them the glorious object of entire independ- 
ence and it will breathe into them anew the breath of life. Read this 
declaration at the head of the army ; every sword will be drawn from 
its scabbard, and the solemn vow uttered, to maintain it or perish on 
the bed of honor. Publish it from the pulpit ; Religion will approve 



40 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

it, and the love of Religious liberty will cling around it, resolved to 
stand with or fall with it. Send it to the public halls ; proclaim it 
there ; let them hear it, who heard the first roar of the enemie's can- 
non ; let them see it who saw their brothers and their sons fall on the 
field of Bunker Hill and in the streets of Lexington and Concord, — 
and the very walls will cry out in its support. 



EXPLOSIVE FORM 



Is a heavy tone employed in command, grand description and 
impressioned language. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. I saw the corse, the mangled corse 
And then I cried for vengeance ! 
Eouse, ye Romans ! rouse ye slaves ! 
Have ye brave sons ? Look in the next fierce brawl 
To see them die. Have ye fair daughters? Look 
To see them live, torn from your arms, disdained, 
Dishonored ; and if ye dare call for justice, 
Be answered by the lash ! 

2. Were I an American, as I am an Englishman, while a single 
foreign troop remained in my country, I would never lay down my 
arms. Never, Never, Never. 



FORCE 

Is the degree of power of the voice. 



( 1 . Sui 

ie-I 2. Na' 



JBDTIED. 

Force 1 2. Natural. 
(3. Heavy. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 41 

SUBDUED FORCE 

Accompanies the Effusive Form. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Only waiting till the shadows 

Are a little longer grown ; 
Only waiting till the glimmer 

Of the day's last beam is flown ; 
Till the night of earth is faded 

From the heart once full of day ; 
Till the stars of heaven are breaking 

Through the twilight soft and gray. 

2. But while she was still very young, — O very, very young, the 
sister drooped, and came to be so weak that she could no longer 
stand in the window at night ; and then the child looked sadly out by 
himself, and when he saw the star, turned round and said to the 
patient, pale face on the bed : 



NATURAL FORCE 

Accompanies Natural Form. 

EXAMPLES. 

Noiselessly as the springtime 

Her crown of verdure weaves, 
And all the trees on all the hills 

Open their thousand leaves, 
So, without sound of music, 

Or voice of them that wept, 
Silently down from the mountain crown 

The great procession swept, 



42 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

2. There are men who get one idea into their heads, and but one, 
and they make the most of it. You can see it and almost feel it in 
their presence. On all occasions it is produced, till it is worn as thin 
as charity. They remind you of a twenty-four pounder discharged 
at a hummingbird. You hear a tremendous noise, see a volume of 
smoke, but you look in vain for the effects. The bird is scattered to 
atoms. 



HEAVY FORCE 

Accompanies the Expulsive and Explosive Forms. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. The storm o'er the ocean new furious and fast, 
And the waves rose in foam at the voice of the blast. 
And heavny labored the gale-beaten ship, 

Like a stout-hearted swimmer, the spray at his lip ; 
And dark was the sky o'er the mariner's path, 
Save when the wild lightning illumined in wrath. 

2. My brethren, let us no longer live to ourselves. Let us arise 
and put our hands to the great work in which the nations are now 
moving. Wondrous things are taking place in the four quarters of 
the globe. The world is waking up after a long sleep, and is teem- 
ing with projects and efforts to extend the empire of truth and hap- 
piness. This is the day of which the prophets sung. Let us not sleep, 
while others are rousing themselves to action. Let every soul come 
up to the help of the Lord. Let not one be left behind. He that 
hath absolutely nothing to give, let him pray. Let no one be idle. 
This is a great day and the Lord requires every hand in the work. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 43 

TIME 

Is the duration of utterance. 



TlME^ 2. 



Quantity. 
Rate. 
^3. Pause. 



QUANTITY 

Is the length of time we dwell on a word. 

!1. Short. 
2. Natural. 
3. Long. 



SHORT QUANTITY 

Consists of a quick utterance. 
It is used in gayety, command and vile emotions. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Quick ! man the life-boat ! See yon bark, 
That drives before the blast ! 
Ther's a rock ahead, the fog is dark, 
And the storm comes thick and fast. 

2. And he answering, said to his father, Lo, these many years do 
I serve thee, neither transgressed I at any time thy commandments; 
and yet thou never gavest me a kid, that I might make merry with 
my friends. 



44 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

NATURAL QUANTITY 

Is that applied to unimpassioned discourse. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. They've left the school-house, Charlie, where years ago we sat 
And shot our paper bullets at the master's time-worn hat ; 
The hook is gone on which it hung, the master sleepeth now 
Where schoolboy tricks can never cast a shadow o'er his brow. 

2. There is one accomplishment, in particular, which I would 
earnestly recommend to you. Cultivate assiduously the ability to 
read well. Where one person is really interested by music, twenty 
are pleased by good reading. Where one person is capable of 
becoming a skillful musician, twenty may become good readers. 
Where there is one occasion suitable for the exercise of musical 
talent, there are twenty for that of good reading. 



LONG QUANTITY 

Consists of a prolonged utterance. 
It is used in Pathos, Entreaty, and Sublimity. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. O the long and dreary Winter! 
O the cold and cruel Winter ! 
Ever thicker, thicker, thicker 
Froze the ice on lake and river ; 
Ever deeper, deeper, deeper 
Fell the snow o'er all the landscape, 
Fell the covering snow, and drifted 
Through the forest 'round the village. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 45 

2. To die — to sleep, — 

]STo more ! and, by a sleep, to say we end 

The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks 

That flesh is heir to, — 'tis a consummation 

Devoutly to be wished. To die, — to sleep ;— 

To sleep ! — perchance to dream — aye, there's the rub ! 

For, in that sleep of death, what dreams may come, 

When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, 

Must give us pause ! 



RATE 

Is the velocity of utterance. 

il. Slow. 
2. Natural. 
3. Fast. 

SLOW RATE 

Accompanies Long Quantity. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. O lonely tomb in Moab's land ! 

O dark Beth-peor's hill ! 
Speak to these curious hearts of ours 

And teach them to be still. 
God hath His mysteries of grace, — 

Ways that we cannot tell. 

And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting, 
On the pallid bust of Pallas, just above my chamber door ; 
And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming, 
And the lamplight o'er him streaming, throws his shadow on the 

floor ; 
And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor 
Shall be lifted— NEVERMORE ! 



46 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

NATURAL RATE 

Accompanies Natural Quantity. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. O good painter, tell me true, 

Has your hand the cunning to draw 
Shapes of things that you never saw? 
Ay? Well, here is an order for you. 
Woods and cornfields a little brown, 
The picture must not be over bright 
Yet all in the golden and gracious light 
Of a cloud when the summer sun is down. 

2. To make men patriots, to make men Christians, to make men 
the sons of God, let all the doors of heaven be opened, and let God 
drop down charmed gifts — winged imaginations, all piercing reason, 
and all judging reason. Whatever there is that can make men wiser 
and better — let it descend upon the head of hiin who has consecrated 
himself to the work of mankind, and who has made himself an orator 
for man's sake and for God's sake. 



FAST RATE 

Accompanies Short Quantity. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. "It snows," cries the school-boy; "hurrah!" and his shout 

Is ringing through parlor and hall ; 
While swift as the wing of the swallow he's out, 

And his playmates have answered his call. 
It makes the heart leap but to witness their joy ; 

Proud wealth has no pleasure, I trow, 
Like the rapture that throbs in the pulse of the boy 

As he gathers his treasures of snow. 

2. A cannon which breaks its moorings becomes abruptly some 
indescribable, supernatural beast. It is a machine which transforms 
itself into a monster. This mass runs on its wheels, like billiard 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 47 

balls, inclines with the rolling, plunges with the pitching, goes, 
comes, stops, seems to meditate, resumes it course, shoots from one 
end of the ship to the other like an arrow, whirls, steals away, evades, 
prances, strikes, breaks, kills, exterminates. 



PAUSE 

Is a cessation of voice. 



( 1. Short. 
Pause ■< 2. Natural. 
( 3. Long. 



SHORT PAUSE 

Accompanies Short Quantity. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. I sprang to the stirrup, and Joris and he : 

I galloped, Dirk galloped, we galloped all three ; 
u God speed!" cried the watch as the gate-bolts undrew; 
"Speed!" echoed the wall to us galloping through. 
Behind shut the postern, the light sank to rest, 
And into the midnight we galloped abreast. 

2. John,, be quick. Get some water. Throw the powder over- 
board. "It cannot be reached." Jump into the boat, then. Shove 
off. There goes the powder. Thank heaven. We are safe. 



48 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

NATURAL PAUSE 

Accompanies Natural Quantity, 

EXAMPLES. 

1. There's a land far away, ? mid the stars we are told, 

Where they know not the sorrows of time ; 
Where the pure waters wander through valleys of gold, 
And life is a pleasure sublime. 

2. Every evil that we conquer is good for our souls. The Sand- 
wich Islander believes that the strength and valor of the enemy he 
kills, passes into himself. Spiritually, it is so with us, for we gain 
strength from every temptation we resist. 



LONG PAUSE 

Accompanies Long Quantity. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. To be, or not to be, that is the question : 
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer 
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune ; 
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, 
And by opposing, end them? 

2. Pause a moment. I heard a footstep. Listen now. I heard it 
again ; but it is going from us. It sounds fainter, — still fainter. It 
is gone. 

3. Be ye patient ! I have but a few more words to say. I am go- 
ing to my cold and silent grave ; my lamp of life is nearly extinguish- 
ed ; my race is run ; the grave opens to receive me, and I sink into its 
bosom ! I have but one request to make at my departure from this 
world, — it is the charity of silence ! Let no man write my epitaph ; 
for, as no man who knows my motives dare now vindicate them, let 
no prejudice or ignorance asperse them. Let them and me repose in 
obscurity and peace, and my tomb remain uninscribed, until other 
times and other men can do justice to my character. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 49 

STRESS 

Is the manner of applying force to a tone. 

'1. Initial. 

- 2. Final. 

c, 3. Median. , 

Stress •< A ^ 

j 4. Compound. 

I 5. Thorough. 

^6. Intermittent. 



INITIAL STRESS 

Is force on the beginning of a word or syllable. 

It accompanies Lively Narration, and Intense Feeling and 

Emotion. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. I see it is a trick, 

Got up betwixt you and the woman there. 

I must he taught my duty and by you. 

You knew my word was law, and 

Yet you dared to slight it. 

Well — for I will take the hoy ; 

But go you hence, and never see me more. 

2. There's a dance of leaves in that aspen bower; 
There's a titter of winds in that beechen tree ; 
There's a smile on the fruit, and a smile on the flowers, 
And a laugh from the brook that runs to the sea. 



50 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

FINAL STRESS 

Is force on the last part of a word or syllable. 
It accompanies expressions of Hatred, Revenge and Contempt. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Ye gods, it doth amaze me ! 

A man of such a feeble temper should 
So get the start of the majestic world, 
And bear the palm alone. 

2. Sir, before God, I believe the time is come. My judgment ap- 
proves this measure, and my whole heart is in it. All that I have, 
and all that I am, and all that I hope in this life, I am now ready here 
to stake upon it ; and I leave off as I began, that, live or die, survive 
or perish, I am for the declaration. 



MEDIAN STRESS 

Is that which accompanies Effusive Form. 
It is used in Reverence, Sublimity and Devotion. 

EXAMPLES. 

Leaves have their time to fall, 

And flowers to wither at the North wind's breath, 
And stars to set ; but all, 

Thou hast all seasons for thine own, O Death ! 
We know when moons shall wane, 

When summer birds from far shall cross the sea, 
When Autumn's hue shall tinge the golden grain ; 

But who shall teach us when to look for thee ? 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 51 

2. O thou that rollest above, round as the shield of my fathers ! 
whence are thy beams, O sun! thy everlasting light! Thou comest 
forth in thy awf ul beauty, the stars hide themselves in the sky ; the 
moon, cold and pale, sinks into the western wave. But thou thyself 
mo vest alone : who can be a companion of thy course ? 



COMPOUND STRESS 

Is the Initial and Final Combined. 
It accompanies the Combined Inflection. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Gone to be married ! Gone to swear a peace ! 

False blood to false blood joined ! Gone to be friends ! 
Shall Lewis have Blanche, and Blanche these provinces ? 
It is not so ; thou hast misspoken, misheard ; 
Be well advised, tell o'er thy tale again : 
It cannot be ; thou dost but say 'tis so. 

2. Til have my bond; I will not hear thee speak : 
Til have my bond ; and therefore speak no more. 
Til not be made a soft and dull-eyed fool, 

To shake the head, relent, and sigh, and yield 
To Christian intercessors. 



THOROUGH STRESS 

Accompanies Heavy Force. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Blaze with your seried columns ! I will not bend the knee ; 
The shackles ne'er again shall bind the arm which now is free ! 
I've mailed it with the thunder when the tempest muttered low, 
And when it falls ye well may dread the lightning of its blow. 



52 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

I've scared you in the city ; I've scalped you on the plain ; 
Go, count your chosen where they fell beneath my leaden rain ! 
I scorn your proffered treaty ; the pale-face I defy ; 
Revenge is stamped upon my spear, and "blood" my battle-cry! 

2. O liberty ! O sound once delightful to every Roman ear ! O 
sacred privilege of Roman citizenship ! once sacred, now trampled 
upon ! But what then — is it come to this ? Shall an inferior magis- 
trate, a governor, who holds his power of the Roman people, in a 
Roman province, within sight of Italy, bind, scourge, torture with 
fire and red-hot plates of iron, and at last put to the infamous death 
of the cross, a Roman Citizen? 



INTERMITTENT STRESS 

Is a tremulous force of voice. 

It is used in expressing Fatigue and Grief and is also employed 
in imitating the Voice of Old Age. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. My tender wife, sweet soother of my care! 

Struck with sad anguish at the stern decree, 
Fell, ling'ring fell, a victim to despair ; 

And left the world to wretchedness and me. 
Pity the sorrows of a poor old man, 

Whose trembling limbs have borne him to your door ; 
Whose days are dwindled to the shortest span : 

Oh ! give relief and heaven will bless your store. 

2. A young mother knelt in the cabin below, 
And pressing her babe to her bosom of snow, 
She prayed to her God, 'mid the hurricane wild, 
u O Father have mercy, look down on my child!" 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 53 

SLUR 

Is that rapid, smooth- gliding, subdued movement of the voice, which 
is placed on parenthetical clauses. 

When the parenthetical clause is placed in the middle of a 
sentence, it should be preceded and followed by a pause. As 
the reader passes from the important clause to the slurred clause, 
or from the slurred to the important clause, the facial expression 
should change. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. History, in a word, is replete with moral lessons. 

2. Every condition of life, be it what it may, has both hardships 
and pains. 

3. Thompson, vjJw was blessed- with a strong and copious fancy, drew 
his images from nature itself. 

4. One truth is clear, enough for man to knoiv, 
Virtue alone is happiness below. 

5. In parts superior what advantage lies? 
Tell, for you can, what is it to be wise? 

6. Whatever future advances of science may do for us in the mat- 
ter, and I hope they may do much, I must still say this relation is a 
mystery. 

7. Superintendent Brown has again been doing a very sensible 
thing, no uncommon thing for him, in the way of submitting a revised 
course of study for high schools. 

8. The king issued a proclamation which produced an important 
change, although it was not generally thought so at the time, in the finan- 
cial condition of the w r hole kingdom. 

9. God bless the man who first invented sleep ! 
(So Sancho Panza said, and so say I,) 
And bless him, also, that he did not keep 
The great discovery to himself, by making it 
(As well the lucky fellow might) 
A close monopoly of patent-right. 



54 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

EMPHASIS 

Consists chiefly in an increase of vocal force on one or more words 

of a sentence. 

The tone, look, posture, gesture or movement should cor- 
respond in emphasis with the emphasized word or words. 

Emphasize the following exercises in a simple, direct and nat- 
ural manner. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. He is a very industrious man. 

2. The perfection of art is to conceal art. 

3. It is useless to discuss any theory until we know what the theory 
is. 

4. He is the greatest man who does the greatest service to his fellow 
men. 

5. Any innocent employment or harmless amusement is better than 

IDLENESS Or EMPTINESS. 

6. Industry is a virtue that is highly valued among all people and 
in all nations. 

7. The ivicked flee when no man pursueth; but the righteous are 
bold as lions. 

8. A day, an hour, of virtuous liberty is worth a whole eternity 
in bondage. 

9. Let us fight for our country, our whole country, and nothing 

BUT OUR COUNTRY. 



1 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 55 

In Address. 

1. If the address is formal, the voice falls. 

2. If the address is informal, the voice rises. 

In Interrogation. 
1. If the question can be answered by "yes" or "no" the voice 



rises. 



2. If the question cannot be answered by "yes''' or "no" the 
voice falls. 



GESTICULATION 

Is that part of Expression which is addressed to the eye. 

„ ( 1. Position. 

Gesticulation^ _ 

( 2, Movement. 



POSITION 

Is the manner in which a person stands or sits. 

(1. Speaking. 

_ 2. Acting. 

Position < 

I 3. Sitting. 

1^4. Standing. 



56 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



Speaking { 



1. Weight of body supported on one foot. 

2. Other foot is placed a little in front (a) angle of 45°. 

3. Knee in advance slightly bent. (May advance or 

recede.) 

4. Reverse this position by standing on other foot, 

etc. 



' 1. Position of actor should alwa}~s be natural. 

2. Should vary according to the impersonation of 
Acting^ character assumed. 

3. Position may be changed in any direction. 
,4. The actor always acts an assumed character. 



Sitting 



1. Feet as in "speaking," knees bent (a) angle of 90°. 

2. Chin drawn in, head erect, square to front, 
j 3. Shoulders back, form full height. 

[4. Hands on lap, 6 inches from body. 



Standing 



1. Heels together, toes inclined outward (a) angle 

of 60°. 

2. Chin drawn in, shoulders thrown back. 

3. Arms hang at side, body to front. 

4. Figure to full height, stand on ball of foot. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



57 



( 1. Always bend body at hips. 

i 

Bowing <{ 2. Never nod the head. 

1.3. Do not bend body at waist. 

( 1. Book in left hand, three fingers below it. 

Reading { 2. Thumb and little finger above it. 

1^3. Fore arm (a) an angle of 45°. 



MOVEMENT 

Has reference to the change of place. 

1. Face. 

2. Eyes. 

3. Head. 

Movement^ 4. Body. 

5. Legs and Feet. 

6. Hands. 
. 7. Arms. 

"The Face is the index of the soul." 

r 1. Burn in anger. 

2. Weep in sorrow. 

The Eyes\ 3. Are raised in prayer. 

4. Are vacant in thought. 

5. Are downcast in shame. 



58 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



The Head 



1. Moves forward in expectation. 

2. Thrown forward, shows affirmation. 

3. Thrown sidewise, shows negation. 

4. Thrown up, shows courage and pride. 

5. Thrown down, shows grief and shame. 
,6. Thrown around, shows dislike or horror. 



1. Is held back in pride. 

2. Is bent in homage and respect. 
The Body\ 3. Is prostrate in great humility. 

4. Is stooping forward in compassion. 

5. Is held erect in courage and firmness. 



The Legs and Feet \ 



1. Bound in terror. 

2. Stamp in anger and authority. 

3. Kneel in prayer and humiliation. 

4. Retreat in fear or horror. 

5. Advance in expectation and bravery. 



1. Are prone in benediction. 

2. Are on the eyes in grief and shame. 

3. Are on the breast in appeal to conscience. 
The Hands \ 4. Are wrung in sorrow and anguish. 

5. Are extended in friendship and admiration. 

6. Are waved in triumph and delight. 
1^ 7. Are placed on head in pain and affliction. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 59 

1 . Supine {palm vpward) . 

2. Prone (palm downward). 
Hands \ 3. Vertical (palm outward). 

4. Pointing (forefinger extended). 

5. Clenched (hand closed). 

The Supine Hand is used in Affirmation. 

The Prone Hand is used in Negation. 

The Vertical Hand is used in Limitation. 

The Pointing Hand is used in pointing to some special thing. 

The Clenched Hand is used in intense feeling. 

(1. Front. f ^ HoRIZONTAL . 

2. Oblique. 
Arms < -{2. Descending. 

I 3. Latteral. 



1.4. Backward. 



1 3. Ascending. 



The Front Gesture refers to something definite, near us. 

The Oblique Gesture refers to something indefinite, at a dis- 
tance. 

The Latteral Gesture refers to something at great distance, 
or in contrast. 

The Backward Gesture refers to something obscure or distant. 
The Horizontal Gesture refers to common description. 
The Descending Gesture refers to sentienmts of inferiority. 
The Ascending Gesture refers to sentiments of superiority. 



60 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

General Rules for Gesture. 
No. 1. Let the arms move from the shoulders. 
No. 2. In forcible expression, let the arms move in straight 

lines. 
No. 3. In graceful expression, let the arms move in curved 

lines. 

No. 4. Paint the Picture. 

Exercises in Gesticulation. 

Abbreviations. 

F=Front. 

H= Horizontal. 0= Oblique. 

A= Ascending. L= Latter al. 

D= Descending. B= Backward. 

[Practice till Gesture becomes natural.] 
One Hand Supine. 

F. 

H. Br fore him lay his uneonquered foe. 

II. Whatever impedes his progress shall be removed. 

A. I appeal to the God of heaven to vindicate my cause. 

A. Columbia, Columbia, to glory arise. 

D. The first test of a great man is his humility. 

D. Down, down forty fathoms beneath the blue wave. 

D. Thou shalt lie down with our fathers. 

D. Of all mistakes none are so fatal as those incurred by 
prejudice. 

O: 

H. Truth, honor and justice were his motives. 
II What is man that thou art mindful of him. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 6l 

A. Hope is above us beckoning* us onward. 

A. Fix your eyes on Xh& prize of a noble ambition. 

z. 

H. The breeze of morn wafted incense on the air. 

H. I freely grant all that you demand. 

A, Flag of the free, heart's hope and home. 

A. In all his dreams he bore the trophies of a conqueror. 

D. Away with such vain illusions. 

D. The truth of his statement I deny. 

B. 

H. Lift the curtains of the past and look for a parallel to this. 

H. I gaze upon the silent ocean of the past. 

A. Then rang their shouts of joy. 

A. Away— oh ! away — soars the fearless and free. 

D. Then we heard their fiendish cries. 

D. Away with an idea so foreign to virtue. 

Both Hands Supine. 

F. 

H. Listen, I implore you to the voice of reason. 

H. We have no concessions to make, my lord. 

A. Ye crags and peaks, I'm with you once again. 

A. Hail thou universal God. 

D. All personal ambition he discarded for his country's good. 

D. O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low? 



62 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

o. 

H. His talents he deposited on the altar of his country. 

H. Welcome ! once more to your childhood's home. 

A. Hail ! holy angels of light. 

A. Take my spirit, all omnipotent, to thee. 

D. All my fortune at thy feet, I lay. 

Z>. Every personal advantage, he surrendered, 

L. 

H. Proclaim the tidings to all people. 

H. They yet slept in the wide abyss of possibility. 

A. Spirits of Freedom, awake at the shout. 

A. Joy, joy, forever ! my task is forever done. 

D. I utterly renounce the truth of such a statement. 

D. Nature hears the shock and hurls her fabric to the dust. 

One Hand Prone. 

f. 

H. Peace be unto thee. 

A. O God, withhold the plague. 

D. Put doivn so base a passion. 

o. 

H. I beg you to restrain your passions. 
A. Ye gods, withhold your vengeance. 
Z>. Men and brethren, put down all malice. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 63 



H. Trouble and disease threw gloom over all his prospects. 

A. The storm spread darkness o'er the mountain-top. 

D. The hand of affection shall smooth the turf o'er thy grave. 

Both Hands Prone. 



F 



H. May the confidence of the good rest on thee. 
A. Blessed be the name of our God. 
D. Lay the sod gently on his grave. 



o. 



H. And let the voice of freedom rest on the land. 
A. May the blessing of heaven rest on you evermore. 
D. We were in then* sight as worms of the dust. 



L. 



H. For the angel of Death spread his vnngs on the blast. 
A. Heaven opened wide her ever-during gates. 
D. Here let the tumults of passion fore ver cease. 

One Hand Vertical. 



F. 



H. Meet and repel the invaders of your land. 

A. Forbid it, God of heaven. 

D. Come no further ye thing of evil. 



64 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

o. 

H. His arm warded off the blow. 
A. May heaven avert the calamity. 
D. Push away the stubborn foe. 

L. 

H. Out of my sight, ye red men. 
A. Up to thy place, holy angels. 
D. Down to thy abode, evil spirits. 

B. 

H. Away delusive phantom. 

A. Back to thy place holy angel. 

D. Back to thy abode false fugitive. 

Both Hands Vertical. 
F. 

H. Avaunt ! and quit my sight. 

A. Hide your faces, holy angels. 

I). Ye demons hasten from my sight. 

o. 

H. The gates of death in sunder break. 
A. May heavenly angels defend thee. 
X>. Come no further, ye writhing souls. 



H. Let them remain disunited forever. 

A. With united hearts, let us drive back the invader. 

D, Melt and sink down ye spectre doubts. 






ELQCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 65 

For further practice in Gesticulation, the following most excellent 
piece is furnished, which should be committed to memory and prac- 
ticed until proper gesture becomes natural. 

THE AMERICAN FLAG. 

By Joseph B. Drake. 

1. When Freedom, from her mountain height, 

Unfurled her standard to the air, 
She tore the azure robe of night, 

And set the stars of glory there ! 
She mingled with its gorgeous dyes 
The milky baldric of the skies, 
And striped its pure celestial white 
With streakings of the morning light ; 
Then, from his mansion in the sun, 
She called her eagle-bearer down, 
And gave into his mighty hand 
The symbol of her chosen land ! 

2. Majestic monarch of the cloud ! 

Who reare'st aloft thy regal form, 
To hear the tempest trumpings loud, 
And see the lightning-lances driven, 

When strive the warriors of the storm, 
And rolls the thunder-drum of heaven ! 
Child of the sun ! to thee 'tis given 

To guard the banner of the free, 
To hover in the sulphur smoke, 
To ward away the battle-stroke, 
And bid its blendings shine afar, 
Like rainbows on the cloud of war — 

The harbingers of victory ! 



66 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

3. Flag of the brave, thy folds shall fly, 
The sign of hope and triumph high. 
When speaks the signal trumpet tone, 
And the long line comes glimmering on — 
Ere yet the life-blood warm and wet, 
Has dimmed the glistening bayonet — 
Each soldier's eye shall brightly turn 

To where the sky-born glories burn ; 
And, as his springing steps advance, 
Catch war and vengeance from the glance ! 
And when the cannon-mouthings loud 
Heave in wild wreaths the battle-shroud, 
And gory sabers rise and fall, 
Like shoots of flame on midnight's pall ; 
Then shall thy meteor glances glow, 

And cowering foes shall sink beneath 
Each gallant arm that strikes below 

That lovely messenger of death. 

4. Flag of the seas ! on ocean wave 
Thy stars shall glitter o'er the brave, 
When Death, careering on the gale, 
Sweeps darkly 'round the bellied sail, 
And frighted waves rush wildly back, 
Before the broadside's reeling rack ; 
Each dying wanderer of the sea 
Shall look at once to heaven and thee, 
And smile to see thy splendors fly, 

In triumph o'er his closing eye. 

5. Flag of the free heart's hope and home, 

By angel hands to valor given ! 
Thy stars have lit the welkin dome, 

And all thy hues were born in heaven. 
Forever float that standard sheet ! 

Where breathes the foe but falls before us, 
With Freedom's soil beneath our feet, 

And Freedom's banner streaming over us? 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 6 1 / 

DIRECTNESS 

Is the plain, simple address that we unconsciously employ ivhen en- 
deavoring to convince. 

Use your own direct way of expression, as if the thoughts 
had just been suggested to your own mind. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Young men, Ahoy ! the rapids are below you. 

2. Treat every man as a gentleman, until he has proven himself 

otherwise. 

3. Give every man thine ear, but few thy voice; Take each man's 

censure but reserve thy judgment. 

4. Fellow citizens, you stand here like giants as you are. 

5. I cannot, my lords, I will not join in congratulation on misfortune 

and disgrace. 

6. Friends, Eomans, countrymen ! lend me your ears. I come to 

bury Caesar, not to praise him. 

7. This is a case, gentlemen of the jury, in which the plaintiff is a 

widow 5 yes, gentlemen of the jury, a widow. 

8. Let me tell you, Cassius, you yourself are much condemned to 

have an itching palm, to sell and mart your offices for gold 
to unde servers. 

9. I profess, sir, in my career hitherto, to have kept steadily in view 

the prosperity and honor of the wdiole country, and the pres- 
ervation of the Federal Union. 

10. My brave associates, partners of my toil, my feelings, and my 

fame, can Holla's w T ords add vigor to the virtuous energies 
that now inspire your hearts ? 



68 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

EXPRESSION 

Is the utterance of thought or feeling ivith such force as to convey it 
in the clearest and most pleasing manner. 

It is most necessaiy, to employ correct expression, to feel 
that which you wish to express, — to have clear ideas concern- 
ing what you read or speak. Dr. H. W. Beecher says on this 
subject, "Fill yourself chock full of the subject; then pull out 
the bung, and let nature caper." 

The student should not try to imitate the expression of oth- 
ers, but use his own natural style. 

u To paint the passion's force, and paint it well 
The proper action nature's self will tell." 

EXAMPLE. 

Henry says he will start to Springfield next Monday. 
[Practice the above sentence as directed below.] 

1. Place emphasis on Henry as if answering question, u Who says etc." 

2. Emphasize successively every w^ord in the sentence. 

3. Give it every variety of affirmation, negation, and interrogation. 

4. Give it as if speaking to a person at a distance. 

5. Give it in a pleasant tone and manner. 

6. Give it in a sullen tone and manner. 

7. Give it in a careless sleepy tone and manner. 

8. Give it in an excited tone and manner. 

9. Give it in an ironical tone and manner. 

10. Give it in a respectful tone and manner. 

11. Give it in a serious tone and manner. 

12. Give it in a merry tone and manner. 

Note. The Facial Expression and action should correspond with the tone of 
voice. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 69 

ANTITHESIS 

Is the placing of words in contrast to heighten their effect. 
There should be a pause after the antithetic words, in nearly 
all cases. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. The righteous shall enter into everlasting joy, but the wicked 
into everlasting punishment. 

2. I do not tremble when I meet 
The stoutest of my foes ; 
But heaven defend me from the friend 
Who comes and never goes. 

3. The cottage was a thatched one, 
The outside old and mean, 
But all within that little cot 
Was wondrous neat and clean. 

4. A liar begins by making a falsehood appear like truth, and ends 
by making a truth appear like falsehood. 

5. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say 
here ; but it can never forget what they did here. 

6. If the blaze of Dryden's fire is brighter, the heat of Pope's is 
more regular and constant. Dryden often surpasses expectation, and 
Pope never falls below it. 



EXCLAMATION 

Is the words employed to express strong emotion, feeling or passion. 

1. Hence ! home, ye idle creatures — get ye gone ! 

2. Hush ! — Hark ! — a deep sound strikes like a rising knell. 

3. Praise ye the Lord ! The Lord's name be praised ! 



70 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



4. Now for the fight ! forward through blood and smoke ! 

5. Clarence has come ! false ! fleeting ! perjured Clarence ! 

6. Great heaven ! how frail thy creature man is made ! 
How by himself insensibly betrayed ! 

7. They're gone ! they're gone ! the glimmering spark hath fled, 
The wife and child are numbered with the dead ! 

8. It is my living sentiment and, by the blessing of God, it shall 
be my dying sentiment ! — independence now, and independence for- 
ever ! ! 



EMPHATIC REPETITION 

Is the increased expression of repeated words. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Arm, warriors ! ARM for the fight ! 

2. Down ! down ! cries Mar, your lances DOWN ! 

3. You com not, my Lords, you can not conquer America. 

4. To arms! they come! the Greek! the Greek! 

5. This long line passes in solemn array, and lifting up its face to 
God, cries out, avenge ! avenge ! ! AVENGE ! ! ! 

6. If I were an American, as I am an Englishman, while a foreign 
troop remained in my country, I never would lay down my arms — 
never, never, NEVER. 



IRONY 

Is the pronouncing of words in such a manner as to convey a mean- 
ing directly opposite to that implied by the language. 

Irony may vaiy in expression from the just perceptible tone 
to the tone of intense bitterness. 

1. Your consul's merciful — for this all thanks : 
He dares not touch a hair of Catiline ! 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. *J\ 

2. O masters ! if I were disposed to stir 

Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, 
I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong ; 
Who, you all know, are honorable men. 
I will not do them wrong ; I rather choose 
To wrong the dead, to wrong myself, and you, 
Than I will wrong such honorable men. 

3. They boast they come but to improve our state, enlarge our 
thoughts, and free us from the yoke of error ! Yes, they will give 
enlightened freedom to our minds, who are themselves the slaves of 
passion, avarice and pride. Yes, they offer us their protection as vul- 
tures give to lambs — covering and devouring them. 

4. "But, -Mr. Speaker, we have a right to tax America." Oh, won- 
derful, transcendent right ! the assertion of which has cost this coun- 
try thirteen provinces, six islands, one hundred thousand lives ; and 
seventy millions of money. Oh, invaluable right! for the sake of 
which we have sacrificed our right among nations, our importance 
abroad, and our happiness at home ! Oh, right ! more dear to us than 
our existence ! which has already cost us so much, and which seems 
likely to cost us our all. 



APOSTROPHE 



Is a turning away from a real auditor or audience and addressing 
an absent or imaginary one. 

Practice as if the object or thing addressed were a person. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. O happiness ! our being's end and aim, 

Good, pleasure, ease, content — whate'er thy name ; 
That something still which prompts the eternal sigh, 
For which we fear to live and dare to die ; 
Which still so near us, yet beyond us lies ; 
O'erlook'd, seen double, by the fool and wise ; 



J2 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

Plant of celestial seed ! if dropp'd below, 
Say in what mortal soil thon deign'st to grow? 

2. Roll on, thou dark and deep blue ocean, roll ! 
Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee in vain. 
Man marks the earth with ruin — his control 
Stops with the shore ; upon the watery plain 
The wrecks are all thy deed, nor doth remain 
A shadow of men's ravage, save his own, 
When, for a moment, like a drop of rain, 
He sinks into thy depths with bubbling groan, 
Without a grave, unknell'd, uncoffln'd and unknown. 



INTERROGATION 



Is the ashing of a question for the purpose of asserting the reverse 
of what is asked. 

Often, in impassioned discourse, men naturally express what 
they would affirm or deny in interrogation. 

Assume the proper spirit of the piece, give it an appropriate 
tone and action and pause at the end of the question, as if you 
waited an answer. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Who would be a traitor knave? 
Who would till a coward's grave? 
Who so base as be a slave? 
Traitor ! Coward ! turn and flee ! 

2. To purchase heaven, has gold the power? 
Can gold remove the mortal hour? 

In life can love be bought with gold? 
Are friendship's treasures to be sold? 

3. Our brethren are already in the field. Why stand we here idle? 
What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have ? Is life so 
dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and 
slavery? 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 73 

4. Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak! 
for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a 
Koman? If any, speak! for him have I offended. Who is here so vile 
that will not love his country? If any, speak! for him have I offend- 
ed. None ! then none have I offended. 

5. And shall we think of ratifying* the acts of Charles, yet abolish 
his laws ? Those laws which he in our sight repeated, pronounced, 
enacted ? Laws which he valued himself on passing ? Laws in which 
he thought the system of our government was comprehended ? Laws 
which govern our provinces and our trials? Are we, I say, to repeal 
such laws, yet ratify his acts ? 



SOLILOQUY 

Consists in the language of a person addressing himself. 
The expression should indicate that the attention is directed 
to thoughts within and not to things without. 

EXA3IPLES. 

1. Beautiful! 

How beautiful is all this visible world ! 

How glorious in its action and itself ! 

But we, who name ourselves its sovereigns, we, 

Half dust, half deity, alike unfit 

To sink or soar — with our mixed essence, make 

A conflict of its elements. 

2. Oh, my offense is rank, it smells to heaven ! 
It hath the primal eldest curse upon't — 

A brother's murder. — Pray, alas ! I cannot, 
Though inclination be as sharp as 'twill ; 
My stronger guilt defeats my strong intent, 
And like a man to double business bound, 
I stand and pause where I shall first begin. 



74 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

PICTURING 

Is the formation of ideas in the mind, concerning what ive would 

read or speak. 

No subject should elicit better attention than the one before 
us. It is necessary that there be a mental picture concerning 
what we would express. The sentiment of a piece should be 
studied so well that the reader or speaker may have painted on 
the canvas of his imagination all the circumstances which gave 
rise to it. Thus and only thus may the Elocutionist make his 
efforts impressive. 

EXAMPLES. 

The wind is high — the window shakes ; 
With sudden start the miser wakes ! 
Along the silent room he stalks ; 
Looks hack and trembles as he walks ! 

After the above lines are read questions may be asked in the follow- 
ing manner. 

1. Did you hear the window shake? 

2. Could you see the miser as he awoke? 

3. Did you see him walk across the room? 

4. Was it a small or a large room? 

5. Was the room silent? 

6. Did the miser look back? 

7. Did he have a firm step? 

By thus exciting questions in the mind, a correct picture may be 
drawn. 

The following will afford excellent practice in picturing. 

AN ORDER FOR A PICTURE. 

By Alice Cary. 
1. O, good painter, tell me true, 

Has your hand the cunning to draw 
Shapes of things that you never saw ? 
Ay? Well, here is an order for you. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 75 

Woods and cornfield a little brown, — 

The picture must not be over-bright, 

Yet all in the golden and gracious light, 
Of a cloud when the summer sun is down. 

2. Always and always, night and morn, 
Woods upon woods, with fields of corn 

Lying between them, not quite sere, 
And not in the full, thick, leafy bloom ; 
When the wind can hardly find breathing room 

Under their tassels, — cattle near, 
Biting shorter the short green grass, 
And a hedge of sumach and sassafras, 
With bluebirds twittering all around, — 
Ah, good painter, you can't paint sound ! 

3. These and the little house where I was born, 
Low and little and black and old, 

With children, many as it can hold, 
All at the windows, open wide, — 
Heads and shoulders clear outside, 
And fair young faces all ablush ; 

Perhaps you may have seen, some day, 

Roses crowding the selfsame way, 
Out of a wilding, wayside bush. 

4. Listen closer. When you have done 

With woods and cornfields and grazing herds, 
A lady, the loveliest ever the sun 
Looked down upon, you must paint for me ; 
Oh, if I only could make you see 

The clear blue eyes, the tender smile, 
The sovereign sweetness, the gentle grace, 
The woman's smile, and the angel's face 

That are beaming on me all the while ! 

I need not speak these foolish words : 
Yet one word tells you all I would say, — 

She is my mother ; you will agree 
That all the rest may be thrown away. 



j6 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

5. Two little urchins at her knee 
You must paint, sir ; one like me, — 

The other with a clearer brow, 
And the light of his adventurous eyes 
Flashed with boldest enterprise : 

At ten years old he went to sea, — 
God knoweth if he be living now, — 
He sailed on the good ship "Commodore", — 

Nobody ever crossed her track 

To bring us news, and she never came back. 
Ah, 'tis twenty long years and more 
Since that old ship went out of the bay 

With my greathearted brother on her deck : 

I watched him till he shrank to a speck, 
And his face was toward me all the way. 

Bright his hair was, a golden brown, 
The time we stood at our mother's knee ; 

That beautiful head, if it did go down, 
Carried sunshine into the sea ! 

6. Out in the fields one summer night 

We were together, half afraid 

Of the corn-leaves rustling, and of the shade 
Of the high hills, stretching so still and far, — 

Loitering till after the low little light 

Of the candle shone through the open door, 
And, over the haystack's pointed top, 
All of a tremble and ready to drop 

The first half -hour, the great yellow star 
That we, with staring, ignorant eyes, 

Had often and often watched to see 
Propped and held to its place in the skies 
By the fork of a tall mulberry tree, 

WTiich close in the edge of our flax-field grew, — 
Dead at the top,— just one branch full 
Of leaves, notched round, and lined with wool, 

From which it tenderly shook the dew 
Over our heads, when we came to play 
In its handbreadth of shadow, day after day, 
Afraid to go home, sir ; for one of us bore 

A nest full of speckled and thin-shelled eggs, — 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. *]*] 

The other, a bird, held fast by the legs, 
Not so big as a straw of wheat : 
The berries we gave her she would not eat, 
But cried and cried, till we held her bill, 
So slim and shining to keep her still. 

7. At last we stood at our mother's knee. 

Do you think, sir, if you try, 
You can paint the look of a lie ? 

If you can, pray have the grace 

To put it solely in the face 
Of the urchin that is likest me ; 
I think 'twas solely mine, indeed : 
But that's no matter, — paint it so ; 

The eyes of our mother — (take good heed) — 

Looking not on the nest-full of eggs, 
Nor the fluttering bird, held so fast by the legs, 
But straight through our faces, down to our lies, 
And oh, with such injured, reproachful surprise, 
I felt my heart bleed where that glance went as though 
A sharp blade struck through it. 

8. You, sir, know, 
That you on the canvas are to repeat 
Things that are fairest, things most sweet, — 
Woods and cornfields and mulberry tree, — 

The mother, — the lads, with their birds at her knee ; 

But, oh, that look of reproachful woe ! 
High as the heavens your name I'll shout, 
If you paint me the picture and leave that out. 



TRANSITION 

• Is the change from one intonation to another. 

No production is free from change of expression. Therefore, 
the student should have frequent practice in running from one 
modulation to another. 

The following exercise should be practiced until every needful 
variety is mastered. 



78 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



EXAMPLES. 
1. 

Natural, From the chamber, clothed in white, 

The bride came forth on her wedding night ; 
Low. There in that silent room below, 

The dead lay in his shroud of snow. 
2. 
Effusive. The day is cold, and dark, and dreary ; 

It rains, and the wind is never weary. 
Expulsive. Now by the lips of those ye love, fair gentlemen of France, 

Charge for the golden lilies — upon them with the lance ! 
Explosive. Quick ! quick ! brave spirits, to his rescue fly ; 

Up! Up! by Heavens ! This hero must not die ! 
3. 
Natural. Has your hand the cunning to draw 

Shapes of things that you never saw ? 
Slow. When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw, 

The line, too, labors, and the words move slow ; 
Fast. Not so, when swift Camilla scours the plain, 

Flies o'er the unbending corn, and skims along the plain. 

4. 
Orotund. By Nebo's lonely mountain, 

On this side Jordan's wave, 

In a vale in the land of Moab, 

There lies a lonely grave. 
Tremulous. Pity the sorrows of a poor old man, 

Whose trembling limbs have borne him to your door ; 

Whose days are dwindled to the shortest span ; 

Oh, give relief ! and heaven will bless your store. 
Subdued. Soft is the strain when zephyrs gently blow, 

And the smooth stream in smoother numbers flow ; 
High. But when loud surges lash the sounding shore, 

The hoarse rough verse should like the torrent roar. 



Aspirate. Hush ! hark! did stealing steps go by? 

Came not faint whispers near? 
Simple Pure. No ! — The wild wind hath many a sigh 

Amid the foliage sere. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



79 



6. 
Natural. Oh ! Mona's waters are blue and bright 

When the sun shines out like a gay young lover 
Low. But Mona's waters are dark as night 

When the face of heaven is clouded over. 

7. 
Slow. The sun hath set in folded clouds, 

Its twilight rays are gone ; 
Low. And gathered in the shades of night 

The storm is rolling on. 
Effusive. Alas how ill that bursting storm 

The fainting spirit braves, 

When they, the lovely and the lost, 

Are gone to early graves ! 

8. 
Gradually. How soft the music of those village bells, 
Softer. Falling at intervals upon the ear 

In cadence sweet ! now dying all away, 
Gradually. Now pealing loud again, and louder still, 
Louder. Clear and sonorous as the gale comes on. 

9. 
Natural. I hear them marching o'er the hill, 
Monotone. I hear them fainter, fainter still ! 

I hear them inarching o'er the hill, 

I hear them fainter, fainter still ! 
High. They stole, they stole, they stole my child away. 

Monotone. They stole, they stole, they stole my child away ! 

10. 
Heavy. The combats deepen. On, ye brave, 

Who rush to glory, or the grave ! 
Subdued. Ah ! few shall part where many meet ! 

The snow shall be their winding sheet, 

And every turf beneath their feet 

Shall be a soldier's sepulchre. 

11. 
Sim. Pure. A thousand hearts beat happily; and when 
Music arose with its voluptuous swell, 
Soft eyes looked love to eyes which spake again, 
And all went merry as a marriage-bell ; — 
Aspirate. But hush! hark! a deep sound strikes like a rising knell ! 

12. 
Effusive. Father of earth and heaven ! I call thy name ! 



8o 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



Orotund. Round me the smoke of battle rolls ; 

My eyes are dazzled with the rustling flame ; — 

Father, sustain an untried soldier's soul. 
Expulsive. Now for the fight — now for the cannon peal — 

Forward — through blood and cloud and toil and fire ! 
13. 
Gradually. The lingering ray 
Lower. Of dying day 

Sinks deeper down and fades away. 
Gradually. A faint light gleams 
Louder. A light that seems 

To grow and grow till nature teems. 
14. 
Explosive. Eise ! rise ! ye wild tempests, and cover his flight ! 
Effusive. 'Tis finished. Their thunders are hushed on the moors, 

Culloden is lost, and my country deplores. 
Explosive. The double, double, double beat 

Of the thundering drum, 

Loud. Cries, Hark ! the foes come ; 

Very Loud. Charge, charge ! 'tis too late to retreat. 

Effusive. The soft complaining flute, 

In dying notes discovers 

The woes of hapless lovers ; 

Whose dirge is whispered by the warbling lute. 
15. 
Sim. Pure. But gentler now the small waves glide 

Like playful lambs o'er the mountain's side, 
Orotund. So stately her bearing, so proud her array, 

The main she will traverse forever and aye. 

Many ports will exult at the gleam of her mast ! 
Aspirate. Hush ! hush ! thou vain dreamer ! this hour is the last. 

16. 
Gradually. Ever, as on they bore, more loud, 
Louder. And louder rang the pibrock proud, 

Gradually. At first the sound, by distance tame, 
31ore Mellowed, along the waters came : 

Gentle. And lingering long by cape and bay, 

Wailed every harsher note away ; 

Loud. When bursting bolder on the ear, 

The clan's shrill gathering they could hear, — 
Those thrilling sounds, that call the night 
Of old Clan- Alpine to the fight. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 



81 



17. 
Pure Asp. Hark! below the gates unbarring! 

Tramp of men and quick commands ! 
Natural. u 'Tis my lord come back from hunting." 

And the duchess claps her hands. 
Slow, Slow and tired came the hunters ; 

Stopped in darkness in the court. 
Fast. u Ho, this way, ye laggard hunters ! 

To the hall ! what sport, what sport V 
Slow, Slow they entered with their master ; 

In the hall thej^ laid him down. 
Vocal Asp. On his coat were leaves and blood stains, 
On his brow an angry frown. 

18. 
Natural. Maud Muller, on a summer's day, 

Baked the meadows sweet with hay. 
Heavy. Impregnable their front appears, 

All horrent with projected spears. 
High, ." Ye purifying waters, swell!" 

Rang out the clear-toned Baptist bell. 
Low. 'lis midnight's holy hour — and silence now 

Is brooding, like a gentle spirit, o'er 

The still and pulseless world. 
Effusive. How often, oh, how often, 

In the days that had gone by, 

I had stood on the bridge at midnight 
And gazed on that wave and sky. 
Expulsive. Xow, by the lips of those ye love, fair gentlemen of France, 

Charge for the golden lilies — upon them with the lance ! 
Explosive. Strike — till the last armed foe expires, 

Strike — for your altars and your fires, 

STRIKE — for the green graves of your sires, 

GOD — AND YOUR NATIVE LAND! 

19. 
High. Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more 

Or close the wall up with English dead ! 






82 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

Natural. In peace, there's nothing so becomes a man, 

As modest stillness and humility ; 
High. But when the blast of war blows in our ears, 

Then imitate the action of the tiger ; 
Heavy. Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood, 

Disguise fair nature with hard favored rage. 
Venj High. On, ox you noble English, 

Whose blood is fetched from fathers of war-proof ! 

Fathers, that, like so many Alexanders, 

Have, in these parts, from morn till even fought, 

And sheathed their swords for lack of argument. 
Fast. I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips, 

Straining upon the start. The game 's afoot ; 

Follow your spirits, and, upon this charge, 
Very High. Cry— Heaven for Harry ! England ! and St. George ! 



GEOUPING 



Consists in the arrangement of words. 

The words should be grouped and emphasized according to 
their prominence. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Go preach to the coward, thou death-telling seer! 
OE, if gory Colloden so dreadful appear, 
DEAAY, dotard around thy old wavering sight, 
This mantle, to cover the phantoms of fright. 

2. High on a throne of royal state, which far 
Outshone the Wealth of Ormus and of Ind 
Or where the gorgeous east, with richest hand 
Showers on her kings, Barbaric pearls and gold, 
Satan exalted sat. 

3. Setting aside his high blood's royalty, 
And let him be no kinsman to my liege. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 83 

I do DEFY him and I SPIT at hiin, 

Call him — a Slanderous Coward, and a Villain; 

Which to maintain, I would allow him odds, 

And meet him were I tied to run a-foot, 

Even to the frozen regions of the Alps, 

Or any other ground inhabitable, 

Wherever Englishman durst set his foot. 

Meantime let this defend my royalty ; 

By all my hopes most falsely doth he LIE. 

TRILLED "R" 

When immediately followed b} r a vowel sound, U R" may be 
trilled in light description, Impersonation and Imitative Modu- 
lation. 



CLIMAX 

Is the extreme point of an increasing emphatic scale. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Days, months, years, and AGES shall circle away. 

2. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone ; it is to the vigilant, 

the active, the BRAVE. 

I 

3. If I were an American, as I am an Englishman, while a foreign 

troop remained in my country I never would lay down my arms ; no 
never, never, NEVER. 

4. What a piece of work is man ! How noble in reason ! How in- 
finite in faculties ! In form and moving, how express and admirable ! 
In action, how like angel ! In apprehension, how like a GOD ! 



REPOSE 

Is reserved power which is immeasurable. 
Nature has her reserved forces, the knowledge of which impresses 



84 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

us more than her grandest displays of material power. Her mightiest 
operations are performed in silence, and the effect is deepened and in- 
tensified by the sense of a greater power behind that which we see or 
feel. 

Art, too, touches us with its reserved power. There are paintings 
whose meaning lies on the surface and is exhausted by a single look ; 
and there are others which disappoint at first, yet, reverently studied, 
gradually glow with beauty, disclosing new marvels of skill, and 
hidden depths of meaning at each examination, till at last the genius 
of the artist stands confessed, and you gaze transfixed as by a mighty 
enchanter. 

Indeed, power exerted, however great, never impresses us in the 
profoundest degree, unless we feel that behind it there is a power 
greater than itself, by which it can be at any moment augmented. 
The force that is exhausted in a single effort inspires but a limited 
degree of admiration. 

It has been truly said that the great orator is not he who ex- 
hausts his subject and himself at every effort, but he whose expres- 
sions suggest a region of thought, a dim vista of imagery, an oceanic 
depth of feeling, beyond what is compassed by his sentences. 



IMITATIVE MODULATION 

Is the imitation of things by sound. 

Nothing acids more to impressive speech than the p\ay upon 
words. The sound should correspond to the sense, to have 
proper effect. In speaking of the howling of a dog ; the roaring 
of a storm ; the buzz of a bee ; the crawling of a snail or the hiss 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 85 

of the serpent, the likeness of the sound and the idea is appar- 
ent. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. March of Soldiers. 

And the measured tread of the grenadiers, 
Marching down to their boats on the shore. 

2. Sound of Bell. 
"Ye purifying waters swell!" 
In mellow tones rang out a bell. 

3. Sound of Bugle. 

Blow, bugle, blow ; set the wild echoes flying ; 
Blow, bugle ; answer, echoes, dying, dying, dying. 

4. Flowing Waters. 

Elvers that run through green meadows 
Warble as they flow. 

5. Hum of Insects. 

The slothful beetle with his drowsy hum 
Hath rung night's yawning peal. 

6. Step of a Giant. 

With sturdy steps came stalking on his sight 
A hideous giant, horrible and high. 

7. Harsh Noise. 
On a sudden open fly 
The infernal gates, and on their hinges grate 
Harsh thunder ! 



86 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

8. Wailing of the wind. 
While a low and melancholy moan 
Mourns for the glory that hath flown. 

9. Display of Elemental Power. 
Such bursts of horrid thunder, 
Such groans of roaring winds and rain, I never 
Kemember to have heard. 

10. Whisper of Leaves. 
Then crept 
A little noiseless noise among the leaves, 
Born of the very sight that silence heaves. 

1 1 . Movement of Mo nsters. 
Part huge of bulk, 
Walking unwieldy, enormous in their gait, 
Tempest the ocean. 

12. Harsh and Quiet Sounds. 

Two craggy rocks projecting to the main, 
The roaring wind's tempestuous rage restrain ; 
Within, the waves in softer murmurs glide, 
And ships secure without their halsers ride. 

13. Language Compared to an Organ. 
O, how our organ speaks with its many and wonderful voices,- 
Play on the soft lute of love, blow the loud trumpet of war, 
Sing with the high sesquialtro, or, drawing its full diapson, 
Shake all the air with a grand storm of its pedals and stops. 



IMPERSONATION 

Is the imitation of persons by sound. 
Children's Voices Are Impersonated By, 

1. Voice often ascends and descends. 

2. Much interest is expressed. 

3. Subdued Force is emploj T ed. 

4. Voice appears to be in front of mouth. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 87 

Voice Of Old Age Is Impersonated B} r , 

1. Voice often ascends and descends. 

2. Subdued Force, High Pitch and Slow Rate. 

3. Lower Jaw drawn back. 

4. Under lip drawn over the teeth. 

EXAMPLES. 

1. Spanish. 
Cierto artifice pinto. 
Una lucha en que valiente 
Un hombre ton solamente 
A un horrible leon venicio ; 

2. Scotch. 

O, Margaret ! My bonnie, bonnie Margaret ! 
Gie in, gie in, my bairnie, dinna ye drown, 
Gie in, and tak' the oath ! 

3. Indian. 

Blaze with your seried columns ! 

I will not bend the knee ! 
The shackles ne'er again shall bind 

The arm w T hich now is free. 

4. Irish. 
And sure, I was tould to come in till yer honor, 
To see w T .ould ye w T rite a f ew T lines to me Pat ; 
He's gone for a soger is Misther O'Connor, 
Wid a sthripe on his arm, and a band on his hat. 

5. German. 
I'm a broken-hearted Deutcher 

Dot's filled mit grief und shame ; 
I dells you vot der drobles ish — 
I does not know my name. 

6. African. 

We has no ark to dance afore, like Isrul's prophet King ; 
We has no harp to soun' de chords, to help us out to sing ; 



88 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

But 'cordin' to de gif's we has we does de bes' we knows, 
An' folks don't 'spise de vi'let-flow'r bekase it aint de rose. 

7. Child. 

Please, Desus, ? et Santa Taus turn down to-night 
And tring us some p'easents before it is 'ight ; 
I want he should dive me a nice 'ittle sed, 
With b'ight shiny 'miners, and all painted yed ; 
A box full of tandy, a book and a toy, — 
Amen ; and then, Desus, 111 be a dood boy. 

8. Old Age. 

These tattered clothes my poverty bespeak, 
These hoary locks proclaim my lengthened years ; 

And many a furrow in my grief-worn cheek, 
Has been the channel to a flood of tears. 

9. Female. 

Come over, come over the river to me, 

If ye are my laddie, bold Charlie Machree. 

I see him, I see him. He's plunged in the tide, 

His strong arms are dashing the big waves aside. 

10. Yankee. 

Draw up the papers, lawyer, and make 'em good and stout, 
For things at home are cross-ways and Betsey and I are out- 
We who have lived together so long as man and wife, 
Must pull in single harness the rest of our nat'ral life. 



EXERCISES FOR PRACTICE IN THE PASSIONS. 
Pathos. 

I am all aftone in my chamber now 

And the midnight hour is near, 

And the fagot's crack and the clock's dull tick 

Are the only sounds I hear : 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 89 

And over my soul in its solitude 

Sweet feelings of sadness glide, 

And my heart and my eyes are full when I think 

Of the little boy that died . 

Tranquility. 

O the snow, the beautiful snow ! 
Filling the sky and earth below ! 
Over the housetops, over the street, 
Over the heads of the people you meet. 

Grave. 
O, why should the spirit of mortal be proud? 
Like a swift-flying meteor, a fast-flying cloud, 
A flash of the lightning, a break of the wave, 
Man passes from life to his rest in the grave. 

Gay. 

O, young Lochinvar is come out of the west ! 
Through all the wide border his steed was the best, 
And save his good broadsword he weapons had none, 
He rode all unarmed, he rode all alone. 
So faithful in love, and so dauntless in war, 
There never was knight like the young Lochinvar. 

Reverence. 

Father, thy hand 
Hath reared these venerable columns ; Thou 
Did'st weave this verdant roof. Thou didst look down 
Upon the naked earth, and forthwith rose 
All these fair ranks of trees. 



Joy. 

I saw a lady yesterday, 
A regular M. D., 



90 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

Who 'd taken from the faculty 

Her medical degree ; 
And I thought if ever I was sick 

My doctor she should be. 

Surprise. 

My Father's trade ! Xow reall} r , that's too bad ! 
My Father s trade ! Why, blockhead, are you mad? 
My father, sir, did never stoop so low — 
He was a gentleman, I'd have you know. 



Resignation. 

"Farewell" ! said he, "Minnehaha! 
Farewell, O my Laughing Water ! 
All my heart is buried with you, 
All my thoughts go onward with you! 
Come not back again to labor, 
Come not back again to suffer, 
Where the famine and the fever 
Wear the heart and waste the body." 

Grief. 

My hair is gray but not with years, 

Nor grew it white 

In a single night, 
As men's have grown from sudden fears ; 
My limbs are bowed though not with toil, 

But rusted with a vile repose. 

Defiance. 

Back, ruffians, back ! nor dare to tread 
Too near the body of my dead ; 
Nor touch the living boy ; I stand 
Between him and your lawless band. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 91 

Sadness. 

Alone in the dreary, pitiless street, 
With my torn old dress, and bare, cold feet, 
All day have I wandered to and fro, 
Hungry and shivering and nowhere to go ; 
The night 's coming on in darkness and dread, 
And the chill sleet beating upon my bare head. 

Secrecy. 

Soldiers, you are now within a few steps of the enemies' outposts. 
Our scouts report them slumbering around their watchfires, and en- 
tirely unprepared for our attack. Let every man keep the strictest 
silence, under pain of instant death. 



Anger. 

And dar'st thou, then, go beard the lion in his den, 

The Douglass in his hall? 

And hop'st thou hence unscatched to go? 

No ! by Saint Bride of Bothwell, no ! 



Command. 

u Be that word our sign of parting, 
Bird or fiend !" I shrieked upstarting — 
u Get thee back into the tempest 
And the nights' Plutonian shore!" 



Scorn. 

The atrocious crime of being a young man. I shall neither attempt 
to palliate or deny but content myself with hoping that I may be one 
of that number whose follies cease with their youth and not of that 
number who are ignorant in spite of age and experience. 



92 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

Triumph. 

Hurrah ! the foes are moving ! Hark to the mingled din 
Of fife, and steed, and trump, and drum, and roaring culverin ! 
The fiery duke is pricking fast across St. Andre's plain, 
With all the hireling chivalry of Guelders and Almayne, 
Now by the lips of those ye love, fair gentlemen of France, 
Charge for the golden lilies — upon them with the lance ! 

Hunger. 

Give me three grains of corn, mother, 

Only three grains of corn ; 
"Twill keep the little life I have, 

Till the coming of the morn. 

Jealousy. 

I do mistrust thee, woman ! and each word 
Of thine stamps truth on all suspicions heard. 
Borne in his arms through fire from yon Serai — 
Say, wert thou lingering there with him to fly ? 
Thou needs't not answer, thy confession speaks, 
Already reddening on thy guilty cheeks ! 

Terror. 

Alack ! I am afraid they have awaked, 
And 'tis not done ; the attempt and not the deed, 
Confound us ! Hark ! I laid their daggers ready ; 
He could not miss them. 

Exultation. 

Go ring the bells and fire the guns 

And fling the starry banners out ; 
Shout freedom ! till your lisping ones 

Give back the cradle-shout. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 93 

Revenge. 

And Caesar's spirit, ranging for revenge, 
With Ate by his side, come hot from hell, 
Shall in these confines with a monarch's voice, 
Cry Havoc, and let slip the dogs of war ! 

Fear. 

Hark ! I hear the bugles of the enemy ! They are on their march 
along the bank of the river. We must retreat instantly, or be cut off 
from our boats. I see the head of their column already rising over 
the height. Our onty safety is in the screen of this hedge. 

ODE ON THE PASSIONS. 

By William Collins. 

When Music, heavenly maid, was young, 
While yet in early Greece she sung, 
The Passions 6ft, to hear her shell, 
Thronged around her magic cell, — 
Exulting, trembling, raging, fainting,— 
Possessed beyond the Muse's painting ; 
By turns they felt the glowing mind 
Disturbed, delighted, raised, refined : 
Till once, 'tis said, when all were fired, 
Filled with fury, rapt, inspired, 
From the supporting myrtles round 
They snatched her instruments of sound ; 
And, as they oft had heard apart 
Sweet lessons of her forceful art, 
Each — for Madness ruled the hour — 
Would prove his own expressive power. 



94 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

First Fear , his hand, its skill to try, 
Amid the chords bewildered laid ; 

And back recoiled, he knew not why, 
E'en at the sound himself had made. — 



Next Anger rushed — his eyes on fire, 

In lightnings owned his secret stings : 
In one rude clash he struck the lyre, 

And swept, with hurried hands, the strings. — 

AY i tli woful measures, wan Despair — 

Low sullen sounds !— his grief beguiled ; 
A solemn, strange, and mingled air; 

Twas sad, by fits — by starts, 'twas wild. 

But thou, O Hope ! with eyes so fair — 

What was thy delighted measure? 

Still it whispered promised pleasure, 
And bade the lovely scenes at distance hail ! 

Still would her touch the strain prolong; 
And, from the rocks, the woods, the vale, 

She called on Echo still, through all her song ; 
And where her sweetest theme she chose, 

A soft responsive voice was heard at every close ; 
And Hope, enchanted, smiled, and waved her golden hair. 

And longer had she sung — but, with a frown, 

Eevenge impatient rose. 
He threw his blood-stained sword in thunder down ; 

And, with a withering look, 

The war-denouncing trumpet took, 
And blew a blast so loud and dread, 
Were ne'er prophetic sounds so full of woes ; 

And ever and anon he beat 

The doubling drum with furious heat ; 
And though, sometimes, each dreary pause between, 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 95 

Dejected Pity, at his side, 
Her soul-subduing voice applied, 
Yet still he kept his wild unaltered mien ; 
While each strained ball of sight seemed bursting from his 
head. 



Thy numbers, Jealousy, to naught were fixed — 

Sad proof of thy distressful state ! 
Of differing themes the veering song was mixed ; 
And now it courted Love— now, raving called on Hate. 
With eyes upraised, as one inspired, 
Pale Melancholy sat retired ; 
And, from her wild, sequestered seat, 
In notes by distance, made more sweet, 
Poured through the mellow horn her pensive soul ; 
And, dashing soft from rocks around, 
Bubbling runnels joined the sound; 
Through glades and glooms the mingled measure stole ; 
Or, o'er some haunted streams, with fond delay, — 
Pound a holy calm diffusing, 
Love of peace, and lonely musing, — 
In hollow murmurs died away. 



But oh ! how altered was its sprightlier tone, 

When Cheerfulness, a nymph of healthiest hue, 
Her bow across her shoulder flung, 
Her buskins gemmed with morning dew 

Blew an inspiring air, that dale and thicket rung. 
The hunter's call, to Faun and Dryad known ! 

The oak-crowned sisters, and their chaste-eyed queen, 
Satyrs, and sylvan boys, were seen, 
Peeping from forth their alleys green ; 
Brown Exercise rejoiced to hear; 
And Sport leaped up, and seized his beechen spear. 






g6 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

Last came Joy's ecstatic trial : 
He, with viny crown, advancing, 
First to the lively pipe his hand addressed ; 

But soon he saw the brisk awakening viol, 
Whose sweet entrancing voice he loved the best. 
They would have thought, who heard the strain, 
They saw in Tempe's vale, her native maids, 
Amid the festal-sounding shades, 
To some unwearied minstrel dancing ; 
While, as his flying lingers kissed the strings, 
Love framed with Mirth a gay, fantastic round — 
Loose were her tresses seen, her zone unbound ; 
And he, amid his frolic play, 
As if he would the charming air repay, 
Shook thousand odors from his dewy wings. 



CALISTHENICS 



Are gymnastic exercises for the cultivation of physical strength 
and free and graceful movement. 

Calisthenics were held in high esteem by the ancient Greeks 
and Romans. Muscular elasticity is highly necessary and even 
indispensible to a proper production of tone. Muscular force 
can only be acquired b} T frequent calisthenic drills. Much prac- 
tice in the following exercises will make grace, strength, and 
elasticity of body natural. 

Avoid a feeble, unmeaning manner and enter into the exercise 
with life and energy. 

Rules For Position and Movement. 

1 . Heels placed together. 

2. Feet forming an angle of 90°. 

3. Head should be kept erect. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 97 

4. Shoulders and hips thrown back. 

5. Chest should be expanded. 

6. Hands at side unless otherwise mentioned. 

7. Hands clinched unless otherwise specified. 

8. All thrusts are from the chest unless otherwise specified. 

Exercise I. — Hand Movement. 

Throw right hand from chest 4 times ; left 4 times ; alternate 
4 times ; simultaneous 4 times. For the outward beats count 
the numerals from 1 to 16 and on each return pronounce the 
word "and". Hands supine except when on chest. 

1. Thrust hands downward. 

2. Thrust hands laterally. 

3. Thrust hands upward. 

4. Thrust hands to front. 

5. Thrust right hand down and up alternately through 8 beats* 

6. Thrust left hand down and up alternately through 8 beats* 

7. Alternate j right going down as left goes up, and vice versa 
8 counts each. 

8. Simultaneous, both down, then both up through 8 counts. 

9. Thrust right hand to right and left alternately through 8 
counts. 

10. Thrust left hand to right and left alternately through 8 
counts. 

11. Thrust both hands alternately to right and left, through 
8 counts. 

12. Thrust both hands to right and left 4 counts each. 



98 ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

13. Thrust hands to floor, not bending knees, through 4 beats; 
then over head, through 4 beats, rising on tiptoe. 

Exercise II. — Arm Movements. 

Hands easily at side. Count as in Exercise I. 

1. Thrust stiff right arm forward over head through four 
counts ; left through 4 counts. 

2. Alternate through 8 counts. 

3. Simultaneous through 8 counts. 

4 . Thrust stiff right arm sideways over head through 4 counts ; 
left through 4 counts. 

5. Alternate through 8 counts. 

6. Simultaneous through 8 counts. 

Exercise III. — Body Movement. 

Hands on hips. Count as in Exercise I. 

1. Bend body to right through 4 counts. 

2. Bend body to left through 4 counts. 

3. Alternate through 8 counts. 

4. Bend body forward 4 times. 

5. Bend body backward 4 times. 

6. Alternate through 8 counts. 

7. Ticist body half 'round to right four times. 

8. Twist body half 'round to left 4 times. 

9. Alternate through 8 counts. 

10. Bend body to right, back, left, front; then reverse, — bend- 
ing to left, back, right, front. 



ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 99 

Exercise IV. — Head Movements. 

Count as in Exercise I. 

1. Throw the head forward through 4 counts. 

2. Throw the head backward through 4 counts. 

3. Alternately through 8 counts. 

4. Throw the head to the right through 4 counts. 

5. Throw the head to the left through 4 counts. 

6. Alternately through 8 counts. 

Exercise V. — Dumb-Bell Movement. 

Close hands on chest. Count as in Exercise I. 

1. Throw both hands downward through 4 counts. 

2. Throw both hands laterally through 4 counts. 

3. Throw both hands upward through 4 counts. 

4. Throw both hands to front through 4 counts. 

5. Throw both hands to the right through 4 counts. 

6. Throw both hands to the left through 4 counts. 

7. Throw right hand upward, left hand downward through 
8 counts. 

8. Throw left hand upioard, right hand downward through 
8 counts. 

Exercise VI. — Clapping Exercise. 

Close hands on chest. 

Throw out right hand twice, left twice, both together 4 times, 
and clap hands four times. 

1 . Front. 

2. Laterally. 



IOO ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. 

3. Upward. 

4. Downward. 

Exercise VII. — Swaying Swinging Arms. 

1. Stamp left foot, then right; Charge diagonally forward 
with right; Bend and straighten right knee; at same time 
throwing arms back from horizontal in front. 

2. Same as No. 1, on left side. 

3. Same as No. 1, diagonally backward on right side. 

4. Same as No. 1, diagonally backward on left side. 

Exercise VIII. — Raising Shoulders. 
Hands at side. Count as in Exercise I. 

1. liaise right shoulder through 4 counts. 

2. Raise left shoulder through 4 counts. 

3. Alternate through 8 counts. 

4. Simultaneous through 8 counts. 

Exercise IX. — Attitudes. 

1. Hands on hips, stamp left foot, then right; Charge diag- 
onally forward with right, looking over left shoulder. 

2. Same as No. 1 , diagonally forward, left foot. 

3. Same as No. 1, diagonally back, right. 

4. Same as No. 1, diagonally back, left. 



